Titlebook: Infection, Polymorphism and Evolution; W. D. Hamilton,J. C. Howard Book 1997 The Royal Society 1997 behavior.evolution.immunity.immunology

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不可思議

使入迷

frugal

Viral pathogens and the advantage of sex in the perennial grass ,,r sex to be maintained in populations, sex must confer immediate and substantial fitness benefits. Theoreticians have proposed numerous mechanisms to explain how such advantages arise, but experimental data are few. In one well-studied population of the perennial grass . in a mown North Carolina fie

peak-flow

Mate choice and maternal selection for specific parasite resistances before, during and after fertin parasites and hosts. In previous work I have tried to extend Hamilton & Zuk’s parasite hypothesis for sexual selection, partly by including findings of immunologists and endocrinologists: in some species, handicapping signals may specifically reveal the current needs of the immune system which dep

激勵(lì)

ADOPT

Infectious diseases, reproductive effort and the cost of reproduction in birds,trade-offs between life-history traits at different ages. The mechanism by which reproductive effort is mediated into future reproductive performance remains obscure. Anti-parasite adaptations such as cell-mediated immunity may probably also be costly. Hence the possibility exists of a trade-off bet

弄污

Evolution of mutation rate and virulence among human retroviruses,cal machinery. However, high mutation rates may be favoured by a need to evade an immune system that has been strongly stimulated to recognize those variants that reproduced earlier during the infection, HIV infections conform to this situation because they are characterized by large numbers of viru

depreciate

LUCY

MHC polymorphism and parasites, one species to another in an evolutionary line of descent. Each species has several of these lineages and many of their more recent derivatives, the actual alleles. The lineages are separated by large genetic distances and are characterized by the presence of short sequence motifs which, at the pro