Titlebook: Human Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors: From Bench to Bedside. Volume 2; The Path to Bedside Nima Rezaei,Sara Hanaei Book 2023 The Editor(s) (

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Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Pineal Region, cell tumors. Genetic and transcriptional studies have identified key chromosomal alterations in germinomas (RUNDC3A, ASAH1, LPL) and in pineocytomas/pineoblastomas (DROSHA/DICER1, RB1). Pineal region tumors generally present with symptoms of hydrocephalus including nausea, vomiting, papilledema, an

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Tumors of Choroid Plexus and Other Ventricular Tumors,reaching a big volume and tend to affect young children. There is a wide broad of differential diagnoses with significant variability in anatomical aspects and tumor type. Differential diagnosis in tumor type includes choroid plexus tumors (papillomas and carcinomas), ependymomas, subependymomas, su

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Embryonal Tumors of the Central Nervous System with Multilayered Rosettes and Atypical Teratoid/Rhaylome, genome, and transcriptome levels allowed better classification, identification of specific molecular hallmarks of the different subtypes of CNS embryonal tumors, and their more precise diagnosis. Routine application of appropriate molecular testing and standardized reporting are of pivotal im