Titlebook: Historical Essays on Meteorology, 1919–1995; The Diamond Annivers James Rodger Fleming Book 1996 American Meteorological Society 1996 atmos

大門在匯總

The Evolution of Atmospheric Measurement Systemsr measuring wind, pressure, moisture, and temperature at the surface and aloft. There are sophisticated tools for measuring trace chemical species in the atmosphere and the characteristics of the deep oceans. There are research measurement systems and operational systems, and a revolution is taking

苦惱

evasive

A History of Calculating Aids in Meteorology observation became largely quantitative as instruments were devised to measure temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, precipitation, wind direction, and wind force. Since that time, calculating aids have assumed greater and greater importance in meteorology.

歪曲道理

Formation of Rain: A Historical Perspectiveminutes the seeded portion of the cloud was transformed into a mass of ice crystals (. 1946; Lampbright 1970). But more than the cloud was transformed! Physicists, chemists, and engineers were attracted by the prospect of benefits to be realized from cloud seeding and by the romance of in situ cloud

熱心

A History of Research in Cloud Dynamics and Microphysicsitation, and those who concentrate on the dynamics of clouds and revel in conceptual and numerical models of clouds, concentrating on the mathematical description of the subject. This dichotomy may have existed in the early days of cloud studies, too, as scientists strove to define what a cloud was

拱墻

Indecisive

conceal

75 Years of Research on the Physics of a Lightning Dischargearge and that most flashes originate in clouds that are “most commonly in a negative state of electricity, but sometimes in a positive state” (Franklin 1774). Franklin was able to simulate many types of lightning damage, and he also showed that grounded metallic rods would protect most structures fr

cartilage

Steps in the Evolution of Climatology: From Descriptive to Analytic are many such paths, each representing a particular area of climatology. This chapter identifies some of the important contributions along two particular paths. The first path traces developments in ideas about the earth’s energy budget and about the balance between incoming solar radiation and out

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