Titlebook: Has Liberalism Failed Women?; Assuring Equal Repre Jytte Klausen,Charles S. Maier Book 2001 Jytte Klausen and Charles S. Maier 2001 constit

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The Politics of Parity: Can Legal Intervention Neutralize the Gender Divide?es and fields of activity have been, and largely remain, gendered, in spite of the vigorous efforts of social movements and moral mobilizations aimed at neutralizing the gender divide. To be sure, increasing rates of mobility do occur between these gendered domains of social activities, although the

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The French Parity Movementer seemed to be any obvious objectives capable of mobilizing and unifying activists to fight for the equality of women and men. The dominant republican ideology required that intellectuals, like responsible French politicians, remain especially reluctant to take any positive action that might contra

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Constitutionalizing Equal Access: High Hopes, Dashed Hopes?ecade-long effort by activists within the parity movement to promote gender equality in all elected bodies. One step in that direction seemed to come on July 8, 1999, when the Constitution was reformed; Section 3 of the French Constitution now provides a general guarantee that “the law will further

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Women and the Third Way: Collaboration and Conflictn seen for 20 years. It is often said that oppressed peoples do not rise up when they are thoroughly downtrodden and hopeless, but only when their conditions show signs of improvement. New Labour’s arrival in government in 1997 raised expectations among feminists, as it did in most left-leaning circ

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Changing the Rules of the Game: The Role of Law and the Effects of Party Reforms on Gender Parity in advance gender equity and to reconceptualize citizenship rights. The feminist critique of modern democracies claims that classic liberalism failed to address the gendered dimensions of political institutions and the social construction of power. Key issues raised by feminists involve the separation

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From Equal Pay to Parity Democracy: The Rocky Ride of Women’s Policy in the European Unioner serve as a basis for changes in electoral laws and even constitutional revisions in the six original sovereign states that made up the European Economic Community. Little did they envision, when the former belligerents were negotiating the Treaty of Rome more than 40 years ago, that gender equali

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Quotas, Parity, and the Discursive Dangers of Differencetion statistics of both national and international decision-making structures reveal institutional practices that have proven difficult to change. But these practices are increasingly being recognized for what they are, problems of democracy. Debates on political representation have multiplied in bo