Titlebook: Handbook of Philosophical Logic; Volume IV: Topics in D. Gabbay,F. Guenthner Book 1989 D. Reidel Publishing Company 1989 logic.philosophica

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Semantics and the Liar Paradox, hand the paradoxes exert a strong fascination and many a philosopher or logician has spent some thought on them, mostly in relative isolation. The literature on the paradoxes is vast but scattered, repetitive and disconnected. This made it impossible to give a presentation in which all ideas in the

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Philosophical Perspectives on Formal Theories of Predication, of universals. In what follows we shall be concerned with what traditionally have been the three most important types of theories of universals, namely, nominalism, conceptualism, and realism, and with the theories of predication which these theories might be said to determine or characterize.

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Presupposition,rs (2a) John is going to drop out of school again. one presupposes that he has dropped out of school before and asserts that he will drop out in the future. In each case, the speaker commits himself both to that which he presupposes and to that which he asserts. However. there are important differences between the two.

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