Titlebook: Handbook ofPhilosophical Logic; Volume 16 Dov M. Gabbay,Franz Guenthner Book 2011Latest edition Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 b

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Belief Revision,s of the development of classical logic, for instance. The investigation of how humans change their minds in the face of new contradictory information is however somewhat more recent. Early accounts include the work of Ramsey [Ramsey, 1931; Ramsey, 1990] in his insights into conditional statements,

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Quantifier Scope in Formal Linguistics,result of this understanding, the study of the relations between syntactic and semantic descriptions has become a central element of all formal linguistic theories. Problems of . constitute a perennial challenge for uncovering the relations between form and meaning. In some notorious examples, a lin

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Non-Deterministic Semantics for Logical Systems, According to this principle, the truth-value of a complex formula is uniquely determined by the truth-values of its subformulas. However, real-world information is inescapably incomplete, uncertain, vague, imprecise or inconsistent, and these phenomena are in an obvious conflict with the principle

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Parameter control is an essential aspect of successful evolutionary search. Various parameter control and tuning methods have been proposed in the history of evolutionary computation, cf. Fig.?. for a short taxonomy.

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Tomasz SkuraMany real-world problems are multimodal, which renders an optimization problem difficult to solve. Local search methods, i.e., methods that greedily improve solutions based on search in the neighborhood of a solution, often only find an arbitrary local optimum that is not guaranteed to be the global one.

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E.G. Ruys,Yoad WinterIn many design process scenarios, the optimization of more than one objective at once is a frequent problem. This setting is a particularly difficult task, when the optimization objectives are conflictive, i.e., minimization of one objective potentially results in maximization of another.