Titlebook: Handbook of Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson‘s Disease; K Ray Chaudhuri,Pablo Martinez-Martin,Angelo Anton Book 2011 Springer Healthcare, a

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Assessing Non-Motor Symptoms: An Overview of Scales and Questionnaires,rs [1]. NMSs are common, with incidence and severity varying widely from patient to patient. It has been found that their incidence significantly increases with disease severity—monitored using Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging [2]. Studies have shown that NMSs such as depression or constipation may prec

Inflammation

An in-Depth Look at the Non Motor Symptom Scale,eveloped in 2006 to provide clinicians with an instrument for assessment of non-motor symptoms (NMSs) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1]. This validated instrument categorizes NMSs into 30 questions in nine domains. The scale estimates the impact of NMSs by weighing each symptom by freque

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Sleep-Related Symptoms,ce of 60–98?% [1–3]. The more common are rapid eye movement (REM), sleep behavior disorder (RBD), insomnia, nightmares, snoring, restless legs syndrome (RLS) and sleep ambulism. The pathogenesis of sleep disruption is multifactorial, but degeneration of central sleep regulation centers in the brain

Lacunar-Stroke

Bladder Dysfunction, an important cause of impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) leading to considerable disability and handicap. Urinary dysfunction in PD manifests primarily with symptoms of overactive bladde (OAB)—i.e. increased frequency and urgency of micturition or urge incontinence—and correlates

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Gastrointestinal Symptoms,an in the general population [1–3]. These gastrointestinal disorders, which include salivary excess, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), nausea/gastroparesis, constipation, and other forms of bowel dysfunction, can cause serious complications, including weight loss [4, 5].

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