Titlebook: Handbook of Modern Sensors; Physics, Designs, an Jacob Fraden Book 2016Latest edition Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Ac

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Interface Electronic Circuits,tronic circuit with an appropriate output format. When a sensor generates an electric signal, that signal often is either too weak, or too noisy, or it contains undesirable components. Besides, the sensor output may be not compatible with the input parameters of a data acquisition system, that is, i

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Detectors of Humans,sonal safety, man-machine interface, friendly home appliances, point-of-sale advertisements, robotics, automotive, interactive toys, novelty products, etc. Detectors of human bodies loosely can be subdivided into the following categories.

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Velocity and Acceleration,y be moving with respect to one system of coordinates, yet be stationary with respect to the another system of coordinates, if that systems moves together with the object. A stationary object is described by its position within the selected coordinates—just like a chess figure position on a specific

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Pressure Sensors,periments with mercury-filled dishes, in 1643, he realized that the atmosphere exerts pressure on earth [1]. A great French experimenter Blaise Pascal, in 1647, conducted an experiment with the help of his brother-in-law, Perier, on the top of the mountain . and at its base. He observed that pressur

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Flow Sensors,, its quantity remains constant regardless of boundaries. However, if there is influx or outflow of mass through the boundaries, the sum of influx and efflux must be zero. Whatever mass comes in and not stored, it must go out. When both are measured over the same interval of time, mass entering the

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Light Detectors,ght. The oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, as shown in Fig. 5.1a. In the quantum theory of electromagnetism, EMR consists of photons—the elementary particles responsible for all electromagnetic interactio