Titlebook: Handbook of EU Competition Law; Walter Frenz Book 20161st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Competition law.European law.Fund

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The Significance of Freedom of Competition in the European Union Law7 to the Treaty of Lisbon on the Internal Market and Competition. This protection against distortions of competition, and thus a true competitive system, is reflected by the fact that it is based on ensuring equality of opportunity for all market participants. The distortion-free competition has an

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European, National and International Competition Regimeon competition law largely parallel each other. However, this only applies to the limited scope of Art. 101, 102 TFEU, thus only to circumstances which are apt to impair trade between the Member States or have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within

Rinne-Test

緩解

Exemptionsprohibition of cartels under certain specifically described conditions. First it is to verify whether block exemptions exist, then whether there are individual exemptions. The direct gains in efficiency must be sufficient probable; the consumers must appropriatly participate in benefits, the impairm

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Horizontal and Vertical Restraints in PracticeGuidelines on horizontal agreements, the Commission highlights specific groups of cases where particular circumstances may act as justification. By contrast, classic cartel agreements may not be removed from the definition of a cartel based on their serious infringements of competition and may likew

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新義

Anti-trust Proceedings and Finesnly procedural rules related to proceedings before the Commission but also rules related to proceedings in which the national competition authorities apply Art. 101, 102 TFEU. In addition, legal protection against decisions from the Commission and national competition authorities when applying Europ

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Merger Control. 101, 102 TFEU, however these provisions do not enable merger control on a systematic basis. This basis is given by the EC Merger Regulation which is further developed by the ECJ, so about conglomerate concentrations, market-related uniform behaviour and rescue mergers. The procedure is influenced

定點

Company-Related State Conductive framework or be it the result of pressure from the state or even state subsidies. In its well-settled case law, the ECJ applies Art. 101, 102 TFEU via Art. 4 (3) TEU to state measures that comprise the basis for infringement of the rules on competition by undertakings.?It is to prefer to apply A