Titlebook: Global Gold Production Touching Ground; Expansion, Informali Boris Verbrugge,Sara Geenen Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Au

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Ghana: Controversy, Corruption and Chinese Minersin 2013 and 2017/2018, when a moratorium was placed on all ASGM. Yet the criminalisation of small-scale miners has served to conceal the endemic corruption amongst government officials, politicians and chiefs that has encouraged and protected informal operations and their oft negative environmental

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Uganda: Gold as a (Trans)National Treasurei-authoritarian regime privileges a (trans)national elite whose interests in gold extend into mining and into (trans)national trade and refining. Against this background, we echo a familiar story where emphasis is placed on investment in industrial mining and where institutional and regulatory capac