Titlebook: Genetics Fundamentals Notes; Debasish Kar,Sagartirtha Sarkar Textbook 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusiv

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Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotesmosome is called chromosome mapping. The proposition of the chromosomal theory of inheritance by Sutton in 1903 led to the accumulation of evidence that genes are located on chromosomes. Morgan, through his . breeding experiments, determined location of white-eye gene locus on the X chromosome, and

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Genetic Study of Bacteria and Bacteriophagength. A classic example is . genome that is widely organized in approximately 4.6 million base pairs of DNAs. No wonder that some bacteria contain multiple chromosomes, for example, . that causes cholera has two circular chromosomes and . has three chromosomes. Apart from this composition, there are

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DNA Mutation, Repair, and Recombinationon, toxic chemicals, and smoke. Over a lifetime, the DNA of an organism can experience many alterations in the bases, (A, C, G, and T) sequence. The transient errors are corrected via a defined DNA repair mechanism. If the errors are not corrected in course of time, mutation takes place leading to a

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Protein Translationesent in it is then read and is translated into the code of twenty amino acids. Various combinations of these amino acids form the proteins. Each of these amino acids is encoded by a combination of three bases, which is called as genetic code. In this chapter we will learn about genetic code and its

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Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotesates also keep changing. The process of producing proteins is called as gene expression, and it is a tightly regulated process so that it can be modified depending upon the requirement of the cell. In this chapter we are discuss the concept of gene regulation in bacterial cells. Group of two or more

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Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotest cell types. Thousands of proteins orchestrate in a timely manner to ensure the activation and repression of genes in response to internal and external environment. This spatial and temporal precision of gene expression is critical in all biological processes from cell differentiation to cell death