Titlebook: Extrachromosomal Elements in Lower Eukaryotes; Reed B. Wickner,Alan Hinnebusch,Gregory Kuny Book 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New

bifurcate

控訴

Initiation of Chloroplast DNA Replication in ,e have been isolated as covalently closed circular molecules with lengths in the range of 110 to 215 kb. Chloroplasts contain multiple copies of the circular genome (1). Chloroplast DNA can be purified on the basis of either its location within the organelle or its distinct base composition. Nuclear

LINES

acrimony

The , Senescence Factor of ,: A Mitochondrial is-Element Derived from a Nuclear Plasmid serial transfers of asexual spores (conidia), and (b) . strains that go through a process of clonal deterioration and die after a very limited number of transfers, usually fewer than twenty (6). The process leading to vegetative death in . strains has been defined as “senescence.” Senescence is cha

Antioxidant

Mitochondrial Plasmids in , eukaryotes, from which a relatively small number of plasmids have been described. In contrast to mitochondrial plasmids, only a few nucleus-associated plasmids are known in lower eukaryotes. ., for example, contains at least five unrelated nuclear plasmids (21). Several genera of yeast carry nuclea

Chronological

Linear Plasmids in the Phytopathogenic Fungus ,ically different mycelial forms. After infection of young ovaries (by ascospores or conidia), initially the so-called sphac-elial mycelium is formed, which produces masses of conidia. This mycelial form may be propagated in axenic culture without special requirements. In a later stage of infection t

出來

Mitochondrial Excision-Amplification Plasmids in Senescent and Long-Lived Cultures of ,hondrial genome excise and replicate as autonomous plasmids during senescence. One particular plasmid, termed α senDNA, is found most often, but others (β, ε, and θ senDNAs) are also observed. DNA sequence analysis has shown that the 2.6-kbp α senDNA is a complete group II intron of the cytochrome o

intention

Overview of Double-Stranded RNA Replication In ,llular virus-like particles (VLPs). Their replication is controlled by over 40 chromosomal genes; some (called . genes) promote dsRNA replication or maintenance, others (called . genes) negatively control dsRNA replication. Extensive genetic interactions among the dsRNAs and the chromosomal genes ar

異端邪說2

Molecular Characterization of Chromosomal Genes Affecting Double-Stranded RNA Replication in ,nt, and both have now been sequenced. The . gene is located close to . on chromosome VIII. A large plasmid carrying . was obtained from R. Elder and R.E. Esposito and was found to also have the . gene. The . gene has been subcloned and sequenced starting with a clone provided by J. Crowley and D. Ka

天空

The Replication of Double-Stranded RNA some ways, these dsRNA genomes are more similar to plasmids than to true viruses. They are noninfectious and are transferred between cells only under conditions of cytoplasmic mixing, such as occurs in mating or other natural or artificial means of cell fusion (10,42). The particles are stably main