Titlebook: Experimental Techniques in Plant Disease Epidemiology; Jürgen Kranz,Joseph Rotem Book 1988 Springer-Verlag Heidelberg 1988 Pathogen.dynami

crescendo

Julia Hapke,Katharina Ptack,Clemens T?pfer the preceding Chap. 7 by Sutton et al. It is concerned with the formulation of biometeorological variables and their relationship with the interactions between host (see also Seem, Chap. 4), pathogen and environment. At first, however, we shall define some fundamental meteorological terms, definiti

攤位

regale

Unsere Evolution weist uns den Weg,e, inheritable adjustment of a fungal cell or a fungal population to a fungicide, resulting in a less than normal sensitivity to that fungicide. The term fungicide resistance is used for strains of a sensitive species which have become, usually by mutation, significantly less sensitive to a fungicid

大都市

強(qiáng)有力

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16582-6ical environment, often influenced by man’s activities (Kranz 1974). Epidemics, like most ecosystem phenomena, possess a hierarchical property which reflects the many levels of complexity in biological organization. Plant disease epidemics have commonly been analyzed from a “top-down” approach using

Oscillate

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55479-7sults in unneeded cost to growers, consumers, and perhaps to the environment.” One approach for determining when or if to apply disease control techniques is the use for forecasting systems. The intensive development and use of plant disease forecasters is a relatively new and exciting application o

Aphorism

botany

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35328-5ntals, forests, and even greenhouse crops (Freckman and Caswell 1985; Norton 1978). Although parasites may be present in low numbers to billions per hectare, only certain species cause major epidemics and crop losses.