Titlebook: Exotic Brome-Grasses in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems of the Western US; Causes, Consequences Matthew J. Germino,Jeanne C. Chambers,Cynthia

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搏斗

Ecosystem Impacts of Exotic Annual Invaders in the Genus ,by senescence early in the growing season, combined with shallow rooting and annual habit, may lead to incomplete use of deep soil water, reduced C sequestration, and accelerated nutrient cycling. Litter produced by . alters nearly all aspects of ecosystems and notably increases wildfire occurrence.

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Mating System, Introduction and Genetic Diversity of , in North America, the Most Notorious Product idirectional range expansion. Across invasive populations of ., overall genetic diversity (e.g., allelic richness and number of polymorphic loci) is lower compared to the diversity among native populations. Conversely, invasive populations of . exhibit, on average, higher within-population genetic d

克制

Ventricle

Attributes That Confer Invasiveness and Impacts Across the Large Genus ,: Lessons from the , REEnet ly remained confined to their native regions unless they were polyploid species cultivated for hay, forage, and revegetation, and few were invasive. Invasiveness in . species was associated with the ability to grow at high and low temperature and precipitation levels and with human activities. Most

Chronological

Community Ecology of Fungal Pathogens on ,s on . seed bank dynamics, seedling emergence, and seed production. These pathogens exhibit niche specialization, so that they are rarely in direct competition. They sometimes interact to increase the total impact on . stand structure, which can result in stand failure or “die-off.” Die-offs represe

Chronological

Soil Moisture and Biogeochemical Factors Influence the Distribution of Annual , Speciesmance, and water and potassium/magnesium affect spring performance. Controlling nutrients also change with elevation. In cooler deserts with winter precipitation (Great Basin, Columbia Plateau) and thus even greater soil moisture availability, . populations are controlled by nitrogen, phosphorus, or

輕觸

grounded

Plant Community Resistance to Invasion by , Species: The Roles of Community Attributes, , Interactioor invasion. The spatial and temporal patterns of resource availability and acquisition of growth resources by . versus native species strongly influence resistance to invasion. Traits of . that confer a “priority advantage” for resource use in many communities include early-season germination and h

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Land Uses, Fire, and Invasion: Exotic Annual , and Human Dimensions. Fire as a tool is now limited to site preparation for revegetation in most ecosystems where . is a significant problem. Once . dominates, breaking annual grass/fire cycles requires restoring fire-tolerant perennial grasses and forbs, which can compete with . and resist its dominance. Current weed