Titlebook: Evolutionary Ecology of Freshwater Animals; Concepts and Case St Bruno Streit,Thomas St?dler,Curtis M. Lively Book 1997 Springer Basel AG 1

安裝

喃喃訴苦

adj憂郁的

Complex trophic interactions in freshwater benthic food chainsstudy include the effect of trophic omnivory on interaction strength and indirect effects of piscivores in benthic communities. Future studies should include whole-system, long-term manipulations to deepen our understanding of the role of complex interactions in freshwater communities.

細胞膜

1664-431X from an evolutionary perspective. Freshwater environments often impose spatial structure on populations, e.g. within large lakes or among habitat patches, facilitating genetic and phenotypic divergence. Traditionally, freshwater systems have featured prominently in ecological research and population

Canopy

思想流動

Benign

Complex trophic interactions in freshwater benthic food chainsd chains, a variety of different types of complex interactions were identified, including trophic cascades, interaction modifications and indirect commensalisms. The strength of these interactions varied greatly among studies, depending on habitat complexity, the type and intensity of environmental

Hla461

Prey dispersal and predator impacts on stream benthic preyypes of prey. Insights into mechanisms generating this variation can be gained by considering dispersal responses of prey to predators. If predators induce increases in prey dispersal rates then local prey density will decline. In contrast, if predators suppress prey dispersal rates then this will t

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莎草

The evolution and genetics of maturation in ,s fitness at both age and size at maturity. Although the ultimate (evolutionary) determinants of maturation are well established, the proximate processes which initiate maturation are described for very few species. In the planktonic crustacean . it has been suggested that a “threshold size” must be