Titlebook: Evolutionary Dynamics of Malignancy; The Genetic and Envi Robert C. Jackson Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), unde

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Dynamics of Drug Resistance,reduce the probability of multi-drug-resistant tumour cells. Resistance of normal tissues, such as bone marrow, is not seen because the number of sensitive stem cells is too small, and because their mutation rates are lower. Evolutionary dynamics calculations can predict the probability of developme

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Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: A One-Hit Malignancy, the switch-off does not occur, and high levels of ROS are responsible for much of the morbidity of CML. Among the damaging effects of ROS is oxidation of DNA guanine bases to 8-oxo-guanine. This is mutagenic because 8-oxo-G miscodes, resulting in genetic instability. Inhibitors of Abl kinase activi

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Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukaemia: A Three-Hit Malignancy,iology. About 20% of CMML patients progress to a form of AML, but progression is slow, and most CMML patients succumb to other effects of the disease before it progresses to the acute stage. Hypomethylating agents such as decitabine are frequently effective treatment for CMML. Histone deacetylase in

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The Cancer Stem Cell and Tumour Progression,presence of antitumour drugs. Evolutionary dynamics calculations suggest that the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) confers a selective advantage on metastatic cells by downregulation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. At least three mutations are required for a tumour stem cell to progress to

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Evading the Antitumour Immune Response,ng growth factor receptors and immune checkpoints. Monoclonal antibodies are limited to extracellular targets. Cancer vaccines that target neo-epitopes found on tumour cells are under evaluation against multiple tumour types. To prevent the rapid emergence of resistance, vaccines usually target mult

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