Titlebook: Evolutionary Biology; Volume 26 Max K. Hecht,Bruce Wallace,Ross J. Macintyre Book 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1992 Adapta

公豬

Evolutionary and Population Perspectives of the Human HLA Complex,t remains difficult to overcome the preconception that humans are somehow separate, special, and occupy the center of the universe. One consequence of this is that studies on human population biology and genetics do not seem to have an established place at the table of evolutionary biology—it appear

木質(zhì)

Protein Heterozygosity, Protein Structure, and Taxonomic Differentiation,tion that enzymes differed in their levels of variability. Some enzymes, such as esterases and phosphoglucomutases, were frequently polymorphic, whereas others, such as superoxide dismutase and glutamate dehydrogenase, were so only rarely. Initial explanations focused on physiological considerations

鬼魂

Accumulation of Lethals and Suppression of Genetic Load in Irradiated Populations of ,,serious consequence of such mutagens in the long run (Morton ., 1956). Genetic load means that the optimal fitness for any genetic locus is reduced by mutations that are deleterious if heterozygous and/or homozygous. The concept of genetic load has been developed by Muller (1950). He has employed it

合同

Evolutionary Adaptation and Stress,em. Under this definition, stress has a major impact on many evolutionary and ecological processes because of irreversible damage irrespective of the density or frequency of organisms. Stresses at this level of severity tend to be physical. Quantitative resistance traits that can be related to the p

討厭

Molecular Clones within Organismal Clones,mples occur among the fishes, amphibians, and squamate reptiles. Essentially all known unisexual vertebrates carry the nuclear genomes of two or more bisexual species, and thus arose via interspecific hybridization. These all-female biotypes reproduce without genetic recombination, by one of three m

preservative

seroma

The Support of Hydrostatic Load in Cephalopod Shells,in supporting external pressure was not achieved until the early 1960s. This functional issue is a relatively simple one: Did the chambered shell contain pressurized gas opposing the external water pressure, or alternatively did the shell structure itself support the load of the overlying column of

雇傭兵

Substance

偽證

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41091-9mulate egg development; and (c) hybridogenesis, in which an ancestral genome from the maternal line is transmitted to the egg without recombination, while paternally-derived chromosomes are discarded only to be replaced in each generation through fertilization by sperm from a related sexual species.