Titlebook: Essentials of Interventional Techniques in Managing Chronic Pain; Laxmaiah Manchikanti,Alan D.‘Kaye,Joshua A. Hirsch Book 20181st edition

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Fundamentals of Epithelial Na+ Absorptionement and epidural injections..Based on multiple high-quality trials, Level II evidence has been demonstrated for adhesiolysis for managing post-surgery syndrome, lumbar central spinal stenosis, and chronic recalcitrant pain from disc herniation.

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Evolution of Interventional Techniquestechniques, the emergence of a new specialty, value-based medicine with appropriate evidence, and cost-effectiveness are crucial factors in shared decision-making for the future of the specialty of interventional pain management.

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Lumbar Epidural Injectionsoaches, and post-lumbar surgery syndrome with caudal approach, with three approaches for managing disc herniation. Transforaminal epidural injections are also utilized for diagnostic purposes; however, the evidence for the diagnostic accuracy is Level III to Level IV.

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Thoracic Epidural Injectionsinal approach. There is significant paucity of literature concerning thoracic epidural injections in managing chronic pain, with only one high-quality randomized controlled trial, leading to Level II evidence for thoracic interlaminar epidural injections with no evidence available for thoracic transforaminal epidural injections.

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s, sympathetic interventional techniques, soft tissue and jo.This comprehensive review covers the full and latest array of interventional techniques for managing chronic pain.? Chapters are grouped by specific treatment modalities that include spinal interventional techniques, nonspinal and peripher