Titlebook: Equilibrium Thermodynamics; Mário J. de Oliveira Textbook 2017Latest edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Bragg-Williams Theory

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Applied Bioremediation and PhytoremediationDielectric materials are insulators characterized by the response to an electric field. An ordinary dielectric, such as water, placed in the presence of an electric field acquires an electric polarization that disappears when the field is removed.

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Thermodynamic Potentials,The thermodynamic properties of an isotropic fluid, confined in a vessel, involve several thermodynamic quantities such as pressure, temperature, volume, the internal energy and entropy. These quantities are not all independent.

Connotation

Thermodynamic Identities,We have seen that the equations of state are equations deduced from the fundamental relations by differentiation of the thermodynamic potential. For this reason, there is an inter-relationship among them which we will reveal.

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Nernst-Planck Principle,At sufficiently low temperatures, it is experimentally shown that the thermal capacity of the solids decreases appreciably and vanishes in the limit of zero absolute temperature. This behavior however does not necessarily follow from the laws of thermodynamics seen so far.

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Phase Diagrams,We study in this chapter the phase diagrams of multicomponent systems. The representation that provides the simplest diagrams is that composed only by thermodynamic fields. A system of . components is described by . + 2 thermodynamic fields: the temperature ., the pressure ., and the chemical potentials ..,?..,?.,?.. of the . components.

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