Titlebook: Energy-Efficient Train Control; Philip G. Howlett,Peter J. Pudney Book 1995 Springer-Verlag London Limited 1995 Driving Strategies.Energy-

慎重

易于

Necessary Conditions for an Optimal Strategyy conditions of the Fritz-John type will be obtained for the optimal strategy, and these conditions will be used to find a Hamiltonian function and to demonstrate the validity of the Pontryagin Principle for this problem. This chapter was originally published in 1988 as a report to the School of Mat

HATCH

Determination of Optimal Driving Strategiesnal.when the function . : ? → ? is piecewise linear. Using the adjoint differential equation and the Hamiltonian function, we show that the optimal strategy uses piecewise constant acceleration, and that only certain distinct values of . should be used. Furthermore, the acceleration decreases as the

GLEAN

泥瓦匠

Minimisation of Fuel Consumptionn the speed reaches a critical value. The duration of each phase is determined by these critical speeds. A strategy in which the control setting is changed at each of the corresponding switching times is called a strategy of optimal type. Critical speeds were discussed in the previous chapter, and i

ALOFT

A More General Modeld of the train. In this chapter we use a more general model of applied acceleration, and obtain results similar to those of the previous two chapters. The more general model can be used to describe tractive effort and dynamic braking curves such as those shown in Figure 2–1 and Figure 2–3.

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Speed Limitsd key equations that determine critical speeds for a strategy of optimal type. In the idealised case, there is a unique hold speed for the journey. On intervals of track where the speed limit is below the hold speed, the speed must be held at the limit. If braking is necessary on an interval, the sp

Detain

Amenable

Insul島

Practical Strategy Optimisationarameter μ determines the hold speed for the journey, and the parameter λ determines the size of the . pairs used to approximate speed-holding. These parameters also determine the switching points and ultimately determine the distance travelled by the train and the time taken for the journey. As the