Titlebook: Energy Transduction in Biological Membranes; A Textbook of Bioene William A. Cramer,David B. Knaff Textbook 1990 Springer-Verlag New York I

ARENA

考古學(xué)

Favorable

Straight Baseline Claims of States,nergetics of transport and of oxidative-and photo-phosphorylation. For a variety of reasons (e.g., the availability of useful mutants), the majority of transport systems to be discussed will be from the bacterial kingdom, but a number of important eukaryotic transport systems will also be analyzed.

FLACK

Dappled

緊張過度

表被動

Oxidation—Reduction; Electron and Proton Transferplication to oxidation-reduction potentials. Thus,.with . = ? 1 for electrons, for the free energy change in a reversible reaction associated with electrical work driven by a change in oxidation-reduction potential, Δ., and.for the changes in standard potential and free energy.

得體

Overdose

Metalloproteinsncovalently (cytochromes ., ., and .) or covalently (cytochromes .). Most of the cytochromes in energy-transducing organelles are membrane-bound, although the .-type cytochromes are both bound and soluble. The heme prosthetic group of the .-type cytochromes, as well as myoglobin, hemoglobin, catalas

NOMAD

The Quinone Connectionbased on the high concentration of quinone in all energy-transducing membranes (Table 5.1). This quinone can be readily extracted with organic solvent. In spite of the apparent excess of quinone in all these systems, most of it is needed to maintain a normal respiratory flow, because partial extract