Titlebook: Electrotherapy of the Heart; Technical Aspects in Max Schaldach Book 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1992 Herzschrittmacher.Monitor.

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Nominal and Effective Protection All together, the individual APs in the heart produce an overall time-varying voltage difference between the excited and unexcited parts during a contraction phase. This voltage signal can be recorded with electrodes attached to the surface of the body, amplified and displayed with a multichannel r

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Growth and Trade with Capital and Knowledge,ity. Nevertheless, analysis and modelling are very efficient and powerful methods to a better understanding of complex physiological systems and their behavior, and are essential in the design of those pacing systems using a physiological control mechanism to maintain homeostasis.

Concrete

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Economic Policy in a Small Economy,ol information [101]. A particularly useful control signal available via a cardiac parameter is the sympathetic tone, which is independent of the heart rate [53, 102]. This signal is an efferent control signal from the ANS to regulate cardiac output.

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International Trade and Industrial Policiesdal stimulus pulses to the myocardium as introduced by Furman in 1958 [119]. The response of an excitable cardiac muscle cell to an external stimulus depends on the electrical field strength—that is, on whether the field depolarizes the diastolic membrane potential sufficiently to generate spontaneo

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Subhayu Bandyopadhyay,Suryadipta Royte to the physiological and biomedical requirements of the desired function, but also by the properties of the materials of which the device are made. The use of alloplastic materials in replacement surgery has a long history, and has mainly involved implants in the skeletomuscular system [151–153].

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International Trade and Paymentsuccessful therapy. Due to high technological standards, cardiac pacemakers have become therapeutic agents that reliably reestablish cardiovascular function and improve the quality of life for a large number of patients. Their superiority over previous forms of treatment arises from the utilization o

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