Titlebook: Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches; Simon A. Levin,John R. Kelly,Kenneth D. Kimball Textbook 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1989 B

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Determining the Ecological Effects of Oil Pollution in Marine Ecosystems toxic to many organisms, current knowledge does not allow precise estimation of ecological damage resulting from oil pollution. At present, most governmental agencies that regulate chronic sources of oil pollution rely on an excessively simplistic approach to estimate damage: determination of letha

Certainty

The Effects of Chemical Stress on Aquatic Species Composition and Community Structurecosystems are particularly responsive to chemical stress, because pollutants tend to be well-distributed throughout zones of active mixing, and because communities tend to be dominated by motile, short-lived species with high reproductive rates. Response to chemical stress often involves rapid chang

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Theoretical and Methodological Reasons for Variability in the Responses of Aquatic Ecosystem Processmany years research activities necessarily emphasized one half of the interaction, the impact of the abiotic on the biotic elements of an ecosystem. Redfield’s seminal papers on the probable role of plankton in regulating seawater composition (Redfield 1934, 1958) provoked serious discussion of the

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厚顏

Models in Ecotoxicology: Methodological Aspectslaboratory tests and microcosm studies to field situations; extrapolation across scales. Such extrapolation must be based on some underlying model or models; thus, models are an essential and ineluctable component of ecological risk assessment.

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Mathematical Models—Fate, Transport, and Food Chained in the water phase of the environment, they are transported by the fluid motion, are transferred to the atmosphere and bed, are subject to various physicochemical and biochemical reactions, and are assimilated by all levels of the aquatic food chain. They are also transmitted by direct ingestion

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