Titlebook: Economic Growth and the Middle Class in an Economy in Transition; The Case of Russia Zoya Nissanov Book 2017 Springer International Publish

Functional

合并

CHYME

PANIC

Vulnerary

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28366-7“At the outset, we should acknowledge that “middle class” is a term that is both universally familiar and devilishly difficult to pin down. It is both a social and economic construct, and because these domains don’t always align, its borders are fuzzy.” (Pew Research Center 2008).

畢業(yè)典禮

On the Transition in Russia,This chapter provides a description of the economic situation in Russia during the transition period, looking at the main macro-indicators. The chapter describes also the database used in this study.

Intend

Distributional Change and What Happened to the Middle Class in Russia,This chapter analyzes changes over time in the relative importance of the middle class, using data on the distribution of income in Russia between 1992 and 2008.

明確

Bipolarization and the Middle Class in Russia,This chapter analyzes the determinants of the changes in income bipolarization in Russia between 1992 and 2008. The first section is a survey of the existing literature on bipolarization measurement.

Stagger

On Polarization in Russia,In this chapter, the concept of polarization, rather than that of bipolarization, is described. This concept is different from that of bipolarization, first because it is assumed to capture the formation of any arbitrary number of local poles in the income distribution (see, Duclos et al. 2004).

bronchodilator

The Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Middle Class,This chapter attempts to find out whether the Russian society is stratified in groups which can be defined on the basis of income; and, if so, how many of such groups may be identified and what are their main socio-economic and demographic characteristics.