Titlebook: Ecological Literature and the Critique of Anthropocentrism; Bryan L. Moore Book 2017 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017

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Lowering the Human Throne: European Literature to 1900,human life, especially within the context of the nonhuman natural world. Lord Byron is one of the central figures in this chapter, namely ., ., and other works, many of which balance ruminations on the brevity of life with personal struggles. Byron’s friend Percy Shelley is another important figure

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Teleology, Ecology, and Unity and the French Enlightenment, the unity of nature. Although the philosophers were not the first writers to hold a nonteleological view of the world, they were among the first western writers to develop the idea as a central literary theme with the backing of modern science, especially astronomy. I discuss final causes and the a

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Courses of Empire: Ecological Apocalypse in Early American Literature,gin to reflect modern science and challenge long held conceptions about the centrality of humans in the cosmos. I begin the chapter with an overview of work by American Indians, the essence of which challenges European anthropocentrism. The poetry of William Cullen Bryant and paintings of Thomas Col

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,Jeffers’s Inheritors: “Transhuman Magnificence” in Late-Twentieth Century American Poetry,magnificence” and antianthropocentrism have persisted in such poets as Kenneth Rexroth, A.R. Ammons, Gary Snyder, Wendell Berry, Mary Oliver, Lucille Clifton, and Joy Harjo. These poets do not march lockstep with Jeffers’s “inhumanist” rhetoric, and some of them have directly challenged Jeffers: I a

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Antianthropocentrism and Science Fiction Part I: From Antiquity to World War II,sf works written between the Enlightenment and World War II employ ecological themes and question or revoke anthropocentrism. These works suggest that humans are but one species among many, that we are not the end of nature/history, that the natural world may be better off without us, and, in some c

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Antianthropocentrism and Science Fiction Part II: After World War II and into the Twenty-First Centive realm, these writers operate in ways unavailable to realists. Among the writers I discuss are George R. Stewart, J.G. Ballard, and Ursula K. Le Guin. I conclude the chapter with a discussion of the MaddAddam novels of Margaret Atwood and Cormac McCarthy’s .. These novels (as well as many of thos

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