Titlebook: Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations; Patterns, Causes, Im Alan A. Berryman Book 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1988 ecosys

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The Pine Looper in Britain and Europe,where the looper has never attained pest status, the population dynamics and general biology have been intensively studied.. The pine looper was not known as a pest in Britain until 1953, when larvae totally defoliated 40 ha of Scots pine (.) at Cannock Chase, Staffordshire. Subsequent secondary inf

pellagra

The Spruce Budworm in Eastern North America,rimarily in the northern boreal forest from Newfoundland west to the McKenzie River near 66°N.. The most extensive and destructive outbreaks have occurred in the maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland), Quebec, Ontario, Maine, and the Great Lakes states. This defoliator feeds p

ABHOR

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The Gypsy Moth,s it to occur within the latitudes 20°–60°N, where annual rainfall is 25–100 cm and temperature isotherms are 15–27.C for July and —18–12°C for January. The genus probably originated in East Asia,. which is where . exhibits its greatest variability. (Fig. 1). Proceeding westward from East Asia to we

Myosin

Climate

geriatrician

Organonitrile

The Larch Cone Fly in the French Alps,ns,. and in China.. The larch cone fly is restricted to . cones but damages various species and subspecies of this genus according to region, including European larch (.), Siberian larch (.), Dahurian larch (.), and Japanese larch (.). Thus, its geographic range probably covers the major part of the

artless

The Armored Scales of Hemlock,ng the two arboretums, rather than a more restricted host range.. Both scales were generally more abundant on . and . than on .,. which suggests that the pests may become even more important as they spread farther northward into the natural ranges of these other conifers.

Lasting

The Pine Beauty in Scottish Lodgepole Pine Plantations,