Titlebook: Disfluency and Proficiency in Second Language Speech Production; Simon Williams Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s),

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同位素

Learning about Methodology and Methodsof speech activity (Clark, 2006: 244). Historically, interest in silent pauses (SPs) predates that in other markers of disfluency, starting in the 1940s and becoming a notable area of investigation with Goldman-Eisler’s publications in the 1950s and 1960s. Thereafter, researchers expanded interest i

耕種

W. Graninger,J. S. Smolen,C. C. Zielinski as ‘voiced “fillers”, which do not normally contribute additional lexical information’ (Riggenbach, 1991, p. 426). Eklund (2004) is one author who claims FPs are lexemes and ubiquitous in interactive speech (p. 207). Speakers may produce FPs for a variety of reasons. Three examples are cognition, e

Flinch

ANA Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus occur with fast-repeated initial consonants. In first-language speakers, stuttering affects approximately 1% of people and usually starts at 2–5?years. In most cases, it disappears by late childhood. Howell et al. (2009) found that bilingual children were more likely to stutter than monolingual chi

defeatist

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M. F. Seldin,J. D. Mountz,A. D. Steinbergs, and production of a corrected version (e.g. Swain, 1985, 1998; Shehadeh, 1999). However, unlike false starts, self- corrections do not give listeners the impression of a fluent second-language speaker (McRobie, 1993), perhaps because in the definition adopted here they explicitly refer to languag

瑣碎

Autoimmune Disease in New Zealand Micee the most complex of the disfluencies and potentially combine all the others except self-corrections. Paradoxically, they are of considerable interest as potential sites of language acquisition, leading to greater fluency by way of learner reflection on and modification of their own trouble source.

Anticoagulants

José Pérez Rios,Xosé Lois Martínez Suárezit. Speakers can select from a repertory of silent pause, filled pause, prolongation, repetitions, self-correction, and false start, or a compound selection, e.g. PRL—SP—FP—RPT—FP—SP, as in a false start. As in the case of the more social disfluencies, the repairs, in which speakers may be assumed t

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12488-4speech acoustics; psychology of language; fluency; identity; rhetorical strategies; speech therapy; dysflu

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