Titlebook: Decentralization and Transition in the Visegrad; Poland, Hungary, the Emil J. Kirchner (Professor of Government and Jean Book 1999 Palgrave

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Decentralized Government and Subsidiarity,titutional point of view, the emergence of an entity whose existence questions the paradigm of a centralizing nation-state may provide additional fuel to sub-statal claims for more autonomy. In this context, national governments may be in an uncomfortable situation, having to argue for subsidiarity

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Regional and Local Development in Poland,overned by voivodes (governors) who represent the central government locally. The voivodships are divided into rural and urban communes. There are 2468 communes altogether: 311 of them are urban communes (cities and districts of large cities) and 1605 are rural; 552 communes include small towns and

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Hungarian Local Government,hock therapy versus gradual change has been overcome. Recent approaches to the transition focus on the economic crises and the necessary restructuring process for the adaptation to the world market system, termed as ‘structural adjustment’. However, recent analyses realized that successful transitio