Titlebook: c-di-GMP Signaling; Methods and Protocol Karin Sauer Book 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017 Pseudomonas aeruginosa.FimA.HPLC.c-

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Gauging and Visualizing c-di-GMP Levels in , Using Fluorescence-Based Biosensorsdescribe protocols for the use of these biosensors in gauging and visualizing cellular c-di-GMP levels of . both in in vitro setups such as continuous-culture flow-cell biofilms, and in in vivo settings such as a murine corneal infection model.

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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Based Detection and Quantitation of Cellular c-di-GMPaphy (RP-HPLC) analysis has become a commonly used approach to accomplish these goals. The following describes the extraction and HPLC-based detection and quantification of c-di-GMP from . samples, a procedure that is amenable to modifications for the analysis of c-di-GMP in other bacterial species.

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Cyclic di-GMP-Responsive Transcriptional Reporter Bioassays in ,ntrations have been developed, they are time intensive, expensive, low-throughput, and incapable of directly monitoring dynamic changes in vivo. In this protocol, we provide a .-specific detailed methodology to assay the intracellular levels of cyclic di-GMP using biological reporters.

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Yufeng Lin,Biplob Ray,Dennis Jarvis,Jia WangG) and 5′-guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP), as well as cyclic guanosine monophosphate (3′,5′-cGMP) and 3′,3′ c-di-GMP analogues (2′,3′-c-di-GMP and 2′,2′-c-di-GMP) can be simultaneously determined by this method.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5421-1ng for diguanylate cyclase activity, (2) analyzing c-di-GMP levels under anaerobic conditions, and (3) monitoring cell population dynamics of c-di-GMP levels upon environmental changes. These methods showcase RNA-based fluorescent biosensors as versatile tools for studying c-di-GMP signaling in bacteria.

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Applications and Usability of Interactive TV and biofilm phenotypes in . and chemotactic behavior in the alphaproteobacterium .. We expect these light-activated enzymes to be also useful in regulating c-di-GMP-dependent processes occurring at the fast timescale, for spatial control of bacterial populations, as well as for analyzing c-di-GMP-dependent phenomena at the single-cell level.

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Lynn Margaret Batten,Mohammed Khalil Amain IRF3 (Interferon regulatory factor 3) for type I interferon production. Here, we describe some experimental procedures such as Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and luciferase reporter assays to study the CDNs binding and activity by STING proteins.