Titlebook: Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremity; Etiology and Managem Donald R. Laub Jr. Book 20151st edition Springer Science+Business Media N

Charade

Radial Longitudinal Deficiency: Thumb Hypoplasia all anatomical anomalies. In the main, Grade 2 thumbs respond well to surgical reconstruction and Grade 3, 4 and 5 thumbs are best treated with pollicisation. However, reconstruction of severely hypoplastic thumbs allows retention of five digits..Attention to technical details is beneficial for patients and is rewarding for surgeons.

骨

Ulnar Longitudinal Deficiencyl absence of the ulna is most common; usually with a stable wrist. The digits and thumb are commonly involved, and most of the surgical treatment is focused on the hand, including syndactyly release, web space deepening, and thumb metacarpal rotational osteotomy.

手工藝品

Symbrachydactylyby “nubbins.” Surgical options for reconstruction of children with transverse failure or symbrachydactyly include nonvascularized toe phalangeal bone grafting, distraction osteogenesis, and microsurgical toe-to-hand transfers.

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創(chuàng)作

傀儡

Carcinogenesis

大氣層

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1491-6mb, known as signaling centers. Any disruption in the regulation of these molecules can cause dysmorphogenesis or dysplasias that result in congenital limb anomalies. This chapter will review recent insights from developmental biology, clinical genetics, and hand surgery that define our current understanding of how limb anomalies occur.

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史前

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64873-6nd microsurgical epiphyseal transfer. The definitive “best” treatment has yet to be determined, and likely is not the same for every patient. Future comparisons of those treated for RLD with surgical intervention versus those treated by non-operative means may shed the most meaningful light on what interventions benefit these children the most.