Titlebook: Coherent Lightwave Communications Technology; Sadakuni Shimada (Board Director) Book 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1995 c

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Optical amplifiers for coherent transmission and optical FDM,id not confirm their practical application in the communications field. Around 1970, the first continuous oscillation of laser diodes (LDs) at room temperature was achieved. The initial development of optical devices as light sources in communications focused on LDs. From the mid 1980s, research int

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-59261-3ans optical heterodyne and homodyne detection, offers receiver sensitivity improvement (Yamamato, 1980 and Okashi, ., 1981) and frequency selectivity improvement. The first advantage will significantly affect long repeater span transmission systems and the second advantage will affect optical freque

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78431-7iodes are the most promising for practical transmission systems because of their compactness and reliability. However, the main problem is spectral linewidth (determined by phase noise). The spectral linewidth of oscillators for a radio communication system is less than 1 Hz. Therefore, the spectral