Titlebook: Civilization and the Making of the State in Lebanon and Syria; Andrew Delatolla Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s),

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False Ambassadors, Fabulous Lands,nd development studies literature. In doing so, it highlights the conceptual, definitional, and practical problems that arise. The introduction discusses how the post-colonial state has been and continues to be subjected to a standard of civilization that has been upheld with imperialism, colonialis

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Hallmark

Learning from the New Criticismhere equality was seen as necessary in relation to the modern state, particularly with regard to state–society relations and the development of citizenship; tolerance was perceived as a customary foundation of governance that inhibited the central authority of the state. The inability to apply refor

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Learning from the New Criticismthe civilizing process facilitated and justified the racialization of religious groups. The European powers, particularly France, argued that the underdevelopment of the Ottoman Empire was a result of Muslim barbarism and fanaticism, an inherent trait that suppressed the development of Christian com

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說明

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growth-factor

Renegotiating the World by Compass and Cardf material and immaterial benchmarks. As such, the populations were required to accede to a set of socio-political norms as well as apply modernization reforms that replicated the institutions and structures of statehood in Europe. However, and as discussed in this chapter, the standard of civilizat

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57690-5Middle eastern politics; Lebanon; Syria; Iran; Statebuilding; Modern States; Statehood