Titlebook: Citizens in Europe; Civic Activism and t Giovanni Moro Book 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Citizenship.Civic Activism.Democ

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Thorsten Hennig-Thurau,Ursula Hansentive citizenship, is precisely aimed at addressing this paradox: the EU is the only institution in Europe that considers the action of organized citizens in the public sphere as part of the governance system, but it lacks a legal framework which recognizes their powers and responsibilities.

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The Ambiguities of Participatory Democracyinvolvement of citizens’ organizations (usually taken as a type of organization within a wider set variously—and confusingly—named as “non-governmental organizations”; “not-for-profit organizations”; “stakeholders”; “interest groups” or “civil society”) in the system of European governance.

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Book 2012ishes the citizens’ detachment from the European Union and itself?emerged in well known cases such as the French and Dutch referenda on the Constitutional Treaty or the public concern towards the EU policy on immigration. This gap is true especially for active citizenship organizations operating in

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Representation in Questionthe general theme of representation and representativeness of these organizations. In 2004, Active Citizenship Network implemented a unique project on these issues. The main project results (ACN 2004) will be summarized in this chapter.

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Companies and Citizens in Europeause it is only committed to pursuing its own interests through lobbying at the expense of the protection of public interests. From this perspective, the development of democracy in Europe would be conditional to the downsizing of the private actors within the governance system.

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