Titlebook: Caterpillars in the Middle; Tritrophic Interacti Robert J. Marquis,Suzanne Koptur Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)

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Pascal Owusu-Agyemang MD,Radha Arunkumar MDg central roles as herbivores, prey for higher trophic levels, and nutrient cyclers. Likewise, they hold special status as the most ecologically conspicuous and taxonomically diverse clade of insect herbivores, with global species diversity likely in excess of 300,000 species. Much of this richness

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Out of Operating Room Anesthesiagrowth and development. To counter this extensive loss of plant biomass that significantly affects their growth, development, and fitness, plants have evolved a suite of structural and chemical defenses. Structural defenses, including surface waxes and trichomes, are primarily present at the leaf su

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Open Source Systems: Integrating Communitiesms driving the evolution and maintenance of ecological specialization. The field of coevolution was born through an intensive study of the interactions between secondary compounds of plants and Lepidoptera. Here, we summarize progress on our knowledge of the proximate (e.g., target site insensitivit

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Who Cares About My Feature Request?e one hand, they not only need to cope with the compounds in the plants on which they feed, they also need to have the physiology to be able to store those compounds. On the other hand, they need to deploy these defenses in the most effective way possible and escape or survive attack by their own na

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Equilibrium States on Graph Algebras,pe their enemies. To date, research has focused on antipredator strategies in the visual and chemical realms, but defences operating in the acoustic realm remain poorly understood. Here I review how caterpillars use sounds, vibrations, and silences to avoid predation. There are numerous reports of d

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