Titlebook: Burning Mouth Disease; A Guide to Diagnosis Isa?c van der Waal Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive l

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Local Causes of Burning-Mouth-Disease-Like Symptoms,. Oral parafunctional habits, like tongue thrusting or tooth clenching, may be another cause of BMD-like symptoms, although contradictory results on this subject have been published. Smoking and the use of alcohol do not seem to play an important role in the aetiology of BMD.

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