Titlebook: Brainstem Tumors; Diagnosis and Manage George I. Jallo,Mohammad Hassan A. Noureldine,Nir Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 bra

maladorit

Concrete

FIR

Low-Grade Pediatric Brainstem Gliomas, lesions are followed?up conservatively. The role of surgery and oncological treatments (chemotherapy and radiation) have been discussed in this chapter. Generally speaking, maximally safe resection is advised when possible. Intraoperative monitoring is mandatory during surgery, which increases patient safety.

白楊

detach

Anatomy of the Brainstem,le planning an approach into the brainstem to remove a lesion. In this chapter, we describe surface landmarks of the midbrain, pons and medulla, as well as their relationships to the internal structures that are used to define the safe entry zones. We also review Rhoton’s Rule of Three, which is use

PIZZA

Instantaneous

Clinical Presentation and Assessment for Brainstem Tumors,nd 10–20%. They may grow as focal or diffuse lesions. Unfortunately, the majority of these lesions have bad prognosis. In general sense, acute onset of symptoms with multiple cranial nerve palsies indicates worse prognosis. The most frequent symptom of a brainstem tumor is pyramidal weakness. Other

基因組

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Brainstem Surgery,pathways, as well as the reticular formation. Therefore, even a small injury to the brainstem can hinder the functional integrity of one or more of these neural pathways and result in neurological deficits..Intraoperative neurophysiology aims not merely to predict but also to prevent neurological in

鉗子

Low-Grade Pediatric Brainstem Gliomas,ics are the main factors affecting treatment and outcome..Most low-grade gliomas in children have an indolent course. In selected cases, the diagnosis may be solely?based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, in most cases, tissue sampling is indicated..Treatment of LGBSG is multimodal. Some

因無茶而冷淡

High-Grade Tumors of the Brainstem (Except DIPG),most exclusively malignant gliomas, while in children approximately 60% are high-grade gliomas and 40% are embryonal tumors. In almost all cases, the most common presenting symptoms are cranial neuropathies, hemiparesis, and ataxia, typically of short duration. Imaging characteristics are similar to