Titlebook: Beyond El Ni?o; Decadal and Interdec Antonio Navarra Book 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999 Climate Variability.Climatology.Klima

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Large Scale Modes of Ocean Surface Temperature Since the Late Nineteenth Century,ace air temperature anomalies for 1891–1990. They suggested that this mode, which had a pattern similar to that of the thermal signature of the interannual El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), may be a manifestation of long timescale modulation of ENSO as well as being the reason for Ghil and Vautar

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Interdecadal Variability at Northern High Latitudes,ental timescales of variability: interannual, interdecadal and century. Many of the interannual signals can be associated with strong ENSO warming events originating in the tropical Pacific. The century-scale upward trend, on the other hand, is commonly believed to represent evidence of global warmi

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Recent Decadal SST Variability in the Northwestern Pacific and Associated Atmospheric Anomalies,ation (ENSO) events (e.g., Horel and Wallace 1981; Rasmusson and Wallace 1983). Recently evidence has been presented that the system also fluctuates with decadal and even interdecadal timescales (e.g., Nitta and Yamada 1989; Trenberth 1990; Tanimoto et al. 1993; Nakamura et al. 1997 and references t