Titlebook: Autoimmune Diseases in Endocrinology; Anthony P. Weetman Book 2008 Humana Press 2008 Diabetes.Diabetes mellitus.Endocrinology.Internal med

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Immunogenetic Factors in Autoimmunitybeen consistently associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, namely the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region on chromosome 6p21, the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (.)-4 gene on chromosome 2q33, and the . gene encoding lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) on chromosome 1p13. Fu

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Environmental Factors in Autoimmune Endocrinopathieses their development, environmental factors are also involved in their pathogenesis. These environmental agents include infections, therapeutic drugs, chemicals, and radiation. A firm relationship between these environmental agents and autoimmune diseases is difficult to establish as exposure to the

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Animal Models of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseaseoimmune targets are thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). Autoantibodies and specific T cells directed against all three autoantigens can be detected in the circulation of HT and GD patients and also in a significant proportion of the healthy population. I

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Thyroid Autoantigensmune disease. Fifty years after the initial description of thyroid autoimmunity and identification of the major autoantigens, the disease remains the best understood form of human organ-specific autoimmunity. The structure and function of the major thyroid antigens, together with recent advances in

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Graves’ Disease There is a genetic predisposition to Graves’ disease, determined by alleles at the major histocompatibility complex (.), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (.), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (.), and other less well-defined chromosomal loci. Additional, non-genetic, factors th

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Autoimmune Hypothyroidismnsufficient thyroid function caused by an autoimmune thyroid diseases autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland. The most common form of autoimmune thyroid diseases is chronic or lymphocytic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Prevalence of autoimmune hypothyroidism is high. In its i

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Hemiplegia

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Animal Models of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitusancreas by autoreactive CD4. and CD8. T lymphocytes. Animal models of the spontaneous disease as well as genetically modified models have contributed significantly to our understanding of both the pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of the disease. In particular, animal models have allowed a better