Titlebook: Atmospheric Electrodynamics; Hans Volland Book 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1984 electric current.electrodynamics.geophysics

者變

Sfericsels during return strokes or . strokes. They are called atmospherics or simply “sferics” for short. Sferics are useful tools for locating thunderstorms over greater distances. The high frequency noise spectrum is discussed by Lewis (1982) and Spaulding (1982).

Nostalgia

Coupling Between Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Fieldc cavity and to geomagnetic activity. Chapter 11 reviews the global-scale electric field and current configurations within the magnetosphere. In the final two chapters, we discuss briefly low frequency waves and geomagnetic pulsations, which can propagate within the magnetosphere.

有危險(xiǎn)

Theory of Wave Propagation Within the Magnetosphererved on the ground and within the magnetosphere. In the next two chapters, we present a short introduction into the theory of wave propagation through a magnetoactive plasma, followed by a brief discussion of observed wave phenomena in the magnetosphere.

咒語(yǔ)

Global Electric Circuitharacteristics of the global electric circuit. In the following chapters, we discuss the thunderstorm as area of charge separation, lightning events as breakdown electric currents, and sferics as the electromagnetic radiation of the lightning currents.

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commonsense

Book 1984er- wise rather separately treated subjects of atmospheric electrodynamics: elec- tric fields of atmospheric origin, in particular thunderstorm phenomena and related problems on the one hand, and magnetic fields, in particular those which are associated with electric currents of upper atmospheric or

Ligneous

Jubilation

Global Electric Circuitnnected with the highly conducting ionosphere and earth via the barely conducting lower and middle atmosphere (Fig. 3.1). The passive electric quasicontinuous current flowing outside the thunderstorm regions down to the earth is part of the global electric circuit. In this chapter, we outline some c

paltry

Thunderstorm Electrification currents (lightning) flow. In this chapter, basic concepts of the electrification mechanism in thunderclouds are outlined and simple models of the electric field and current configurations in the environment of the clouds are presented.

褪色

Lightnings occur in connection with thunderclouds. Lightning has been observed, however, during volcano eruptions and in dust storms. In this chapter, we outline the normal phenomenon of lightning. Ball and bead lightning are rare events and not well documented. We will not discuss these exotic forms of ligh