Titlebook: Art and Illusionists; Nicholas Wade Book 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature

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,Trompe l’?il,led trompe l’oeil. The label is much more modern than the method. Paintings in linear perspective have been widespread since the early fifteenth century but they create an impression of depth while at the same time appearing as flat surfaces. They can be called visual allusions because the marks on

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Geometrical Optical Illusions,entury in order to restrict them to the relatively small but reliable distortions of visual space, mostly in the domains of size or orientation. Classifying them in this way is too restrictive as some combine both dimensions and others involve different dimensions. Spatial illusions have been groupe

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Hidden Images,es. This has long been the aim of certain branches of art. For example, anamorphoses have been used to hide images for political and artistic purposes. Presenting hidden images for visual purposes is a more modern preoccupation, and some of the perceptual processes involved in them will be described

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Colour,ill seem mysterious. We have all marvelled at the rainbow, mixed coloured pigments to produce new combinations, and observed the changing appearance of objects under different lighting conditions. Until the seventeenth century artists were practitioners of colour vision, but thereafter scientists ha