Titlebook: Ano-Rectal Endosonography and Manometry in Paediatrics; Mario Lima,Giovanni Ruggeri Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author

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Anorectal Malformations: Anorectal Manometric and Endosonographic Combined Approach,s often complain of alterations of bowel movements (constipation, pseudo-incontinence or faecal incontinence) with poor quality of life..A personalised bowel management programme needs a careful assessment of bowel and anal sphincters, in addition to an evaluation of any associated malformations..An

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Chronic Constipation in Pediatrics: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis,3?months. The key feature required for the diagnosis is reduced stool frequency, which must be evaluated comparing with age-related normal patterns of defecation frequency. The two main causes of chronic constipation in children are functional constipation and organic disease. History and physical e

Enteropathic

Treatment of Chronic Constipation in Pediatrics,nsists of the treatment of underlying conditions, whereas treatment for functional causes relies on multimodal therapy. The latter includes disimpaction, laxative therapy, and patient education. Parents should be an active part of the treatment. Treatment failure or relapses can occur, and further i

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Echo-Assisted Intra-Sphincteric Botulinum Injection,lty of medicine..In gastroenterology, since the first report of Langer in 1997, BT has been used to reduce the tension of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) in order to treat a variety of defecation disorders. The procedure is carried out under general anesthesia. The injections into the IAS, usually

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Anorectal Manometry and Endosonography in Paediatric Faecal Incontinence,ponsible for constipation and faecal incontinence in children. The manometry provides functional information related to anal sphincter resting pressure, rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), motor and sensory functions of anorectum, assessment of rectal capacity and compliance and defaecation dynamics

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Endoanal Ultrasonography in Male and Female Urogenital Malformations,anal ultrasonography (3D EUS) has been gaining an increasing interest in the pediatric world..In females 3D EUS can be used to investigate ovaries, uterovaginal malformations both isolated and associated to anorectal malformations, and other particular conditions affecting pelvic organs. In males it

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