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Titlebook: Analytical Issues in Participatory Natural Resources; Bhaskar Vira (University Assistant Lecturer in Env Book 2001 Palgrave Macmillan, a d

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發(fā)表于 2025-3-28 18:09:46 | 只看該作者
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-28 18:57:11 | 只看該作者
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30324-4debate is Oakley and Marsden’s (1984) review of discourses and practices, in which they suggest four broad understandings: (1) informing and mobilising target groups; (2) community development; (3) organising target groups; and (4) empowering beneficiaries. They clearly favoured the last two, and cr
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-29 00:40:13 | 只看該作者
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-29 05:07:26 | 只看該作者
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84188-9together some 318 households) are adjacent to a mangrove forest of 416 hectares, which provides forest products and environmental services that are a vital component of the subsistence livelihood systems of the villagers. The context for the collaborative management of mangroves at Kipumbwi and Sang
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-29 07:28:02 | 只看該作者
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84188-9-participatory. That question appears settled: natural resource management is to be participatory. For almost a decade now, participatory management philosophy has been the dominant guiding force in the forestry sector in India, Nepal and Bhutan. For instance, community and private forestry are the
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-29 15:20:07 | 只看該作者
Allgemeine Optimierungsmethodenganisation, Oxfam GB. and some of its national counterparts. It describes a methodological approach to assessment of environmental impacts of community-centred development and elaborates on the impact of adopting this approach on local people’s livelihoods and environments and on organisational capa
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-29 18:25:42 | 只看該作者
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-29 20:13:16 | 只看該作者
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-30 01:24:54 | 只看該作者
Allgemeine Optimierungsmethodenuses); as well as performing environmental services (indirect uses), and often having religious or cultural significance (non-use values). Even small ‘patches’ of forest may be used by people from several villages or hamlets; and different sub-groups within a particular hamlet or village may derive
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發(fā)表于 2025-3-30 04:53:17 | 只看該作者
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