Titlebook: An Open Systems Approach to Quantum Optics; Lectures Presented a Howard Carmichael Book 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993 Heisenb

Sedative

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-99596-5ntroduces quantum fluctuations in the manner described in Sects. 4.4 and 4.5, where a small Gaussian “fuzz-ball” smears out the semiclassically determined states. We will be interested in situations where the “fuzz-ball” becomes very large compared with the scale of the semiclassical nonlinear physi

哪有黃油

Introduction,hat quantum optics was formed as a discipline around the invention of a new source of light — the laser. Sources of light are open systems. Thus, those working on the quantum theory of the laser found that they needed a way to treat dissipation in a quantum mechanical way [.]. The central ideas of a

arrogant

Nomadic

防止

ENNUI

Standard Methods of Analysis II, of analysis are available. We can derive equations of motion for expectation values and solve these for time-dependent operator averages. Alternatively, we may choose a representation and take matrix elements of the master equation to obtain equations of motion for the matrix elements of .. We have

招人嫉妒

Photoelectric Detection I,s a compact description of a photoemissive source; we have seen how to construct the radiated fields in terms of source operators; and we have seen how the master equation can be analyzed so that we can calculate things like correlation functions for the emitted light. The next two lectures are goin

overrule

Photoelectric Detection II,tron counting distribution — its variance — distinguishes between optical fields described by a classical stochastic intensity and quantized fields. Quantized fields can produce a sub-Poissonian counting distribution; stochastic classical fields can only broaden the Poisson distribution obtained for

大炮

Quantum Trajectories I, and analyzing the master equation for a photoemissive source. The character of the new approach can be appreciated by considering an analogy with classical statistical physics. In classical statistical physics there are two ways of approaching the dynamical evolution of a system. In the first the s

RACE

Quantum Trajectories II,tion of the mapping involves a quantum evolution under a nonunitary Schr?dinger equation, for a random interval of time, followed by a wave-function collapse at the end of this interval. In general, the probability distribution governing the duration of the quantum evolution depends on the past hist