Titlebook: An Introduction to Agroforestry; Four Decades of Scie P. K. Ramachandran Nair,B. Mohan Kumar,Vimala D. N Book 2021Latest edition The Editor

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endure

Historical Developments: The Coming of Age of Agroforestryinued unabated. To address these issues, agroforestry was conceived as an integrated approach to combined production systems involving trees and crops on the same unit of land. Parallel to these developments in the tropics, the importance of such combined production systems was recognized in the tem

寬容

Definition and Concepts of Agroforestry demonstrated role in sustaining crop yields, diversifying farm production, realizing ecosystem services, and ensuring environmental integrity in land use has received increasing attention in development programs and paradigms around the world.

冒失

Concrete

Global Distribution of Agroforestry Systems regions include alley cropping, forest farming, silvopasture, riparian buffer, and windbreaks. While a substantial knowledge base and steady markets are available for tree species used in temperate agroforestry, most of the trees and other species used in tropical AFS are underexploited and of unkn

夾死提手勢

小木槌

Tropical Alley Cropping and Improved Fallowshat determines the success or failure of the system. Improved Fallows was introduced as a new technology in the 1990s although its scientific basis is not different from that of tropical alley cropping: using fast-growing nitrogen-fixing trees and shrubs to support the growth and production of food

商品

Tropical Homegardensrical as well as contemporary characteristics. Their enormous species diversity, which consists of food crops, medicinal plants, ornamentals, fruit trees, multipurpose trees, and fodder species, contributes to a variety of ecosystem services, and supports food-, and nutritional-, and livelihood secu

Myosin

Shaded Perennial Agroforestry Systemse crops need to be processed immediately after harvesting under exacting conditions to get the high-value end-products. Contrary to the popular image of largescale plantations associated with these crops, sizeable areas of most of them, particularly coconut, coffee, and several of the localized tree

aesthetic

Silvopastoral Systems (SPS) in the Tropics and Subtropics . (dry savanna) biomes, and the arid and semiarid lands of the Indian subcontinent. The browsing systems of small-scale dairy farming involving cut-and-carry fodder from fodder banks and boundary plantings are a popular and traditional means of livelihood strategy and income generation in rural hou