Titlebook: An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World; Roy J. Shephard Book 2015 Springer International

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Examples of Early City Life from Ancient Assyria, Babylon, Egypt, Israel, India and China: Health avy weapons; their physical fitness was maintained by a combination of military duties and sports participation. Common labourers and slaves carried out heavy occupational work for long hours each day, maintaining their fitness, provided that they were well fed. Passive transportation (on horseback a

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Legacies of the Classical Era: Minoa, Greece and Rome; A Recognition of Material Causes of Poor Heaercise to diet. Athletes who were preparing for major inter-city games such as the Olympiad developed the body both as a goal in itself, and as a tribute to Zeus. However, the award of major prizes to contestants soon corrupted the lofty goals of Amateur competition. Greek gymnasia offered students

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The Middle-Ages: Monasteries, Medical Schools and the Dawn of State Health Care, balancing the body humours. The cadre of formally trained doctors was small. They were aided by Barber/Surgeons, Apothecaries, Wise Women, Priests and well-educated lay people. Some cities appointed personnel to treat the poor without charge. Growth in commerce and trades-guilds attracted people to

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The Renaissance: The Dawn of Scientific Enquiry into Health and Fitness,ntinued training elite adolescents in chivalrous sports. Primary schools provided a semblance of education to a growing proportion of poorer children. Classes usually offered rote learning, but a few enlightened teachers saw Physical Education as an important component of instruction. English Univer

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The Enlightenment: The Impact of Reason and Religion upon Health and Fitness in a Period of Urban Gation, industrial mechanization, concerts, operas, theatres, an increased availability of reading matter and the tempting aroma of coffee shops all sowed the seeds of sedentary leisure for city dwellers. In contrast, agricultural practices remained essentially unchanged, and the favourable health im

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The Post-Modern Era: Chronic Disease and the Onslaught of a Sedentary Lifestyle,asi-experimental evaluations of school and employee fitness programmes, definition of minimum occupational fitness needs, demonstration of the beneficial effects of exercise on the aging process, and documentation of the high fitness levels associated with a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Attempts to in

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An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World