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Overview: Early in this century, the newly discovered x-ray diffraction by crystals made a complete change in crystallography and in the whole science of the atomic structure of matter, thus giving a new impetus to the development of solid-state physics. Crystallographic methods, pri- marily x-ray diffraction analysis, penetrated into materials sciences, mol- ecular physics, and chemistry, and also into many other branches of science. Later, electron and neutron diffraction structure analyses be- came important since they not only complement x-ray data, but also supply new information on the a
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