| 根據(jù)本中心的多位編輯顧問的的修稿經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)華人作者喜歡亂用指示代詞，動不動就this, that, these, those.同時還有一個習(xí)慣，就是喜歡用第一人稱，處處不忘記標(biāo)榜自己。其實(shí)，我們也不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一點(diǎn)與中國文化自身不無聯(lián)系。 代詞通常用來代替名詞，但有時候也能代替一個短語、一句話、甚至整個段落，像縮略詞一樣可以起到簡化和避免重復(fù)的作用。在引導(dǎo)讀者查找正確替代詞（先行詞）的過程中，作者應(yīng)該考慮以下三個重要因素： ? 代詞和指代對象之間是否存在對應(yīng)關(guān)系是由讀者來判斷的。因此，讀者對文章涉及主題的了解程度會影響查找過程，相關(guān)知識越少意味著更多的困惑。 ? 如果指示對象離指示代詞太遠(yuǎn)，就會脫離讀者的記憶，錯誤的發(fā)生率就會高。 ? 對理解文章而言，沒有找到指代對象的危害要小于找到錯誤的指代對象，前者只是降低讀者的理解程度，后者卻將讀者引入了歧途。 請試著判斷下例中的“their”指代什么。三個備選對象都以黑體表示。如果能讓句子結(jié)構(gòu)清晰起來，問題便會迎刃而解。你可能覺得很難；如果覺得不難，就得問問你的專業(yè)知識為你的正確判斷提供了多少幫助。 The cellular automaton (CA) cell, a natural candidate to model the electrical activity of a cell, is an ideal component to use in the simulation of intercellular communications, such as those occurring between cardiac cells, and to model abnormal asynchronous propagations, such as ectopic beats, initiated and propagated cell-to-cell, regardless of the complexity of THEIR patterns. 判斷“their”所指代的復(fù)數(shù)名詞非常困難，因?yàn)椤皉egardless of the complexity of THEIR patterns”這個短語可以在句子中變換位置，卻仍然有意義。 … to use in the simulation of intercellular communications, regardless of the complexity of their patterns… … to model abnormal asynchronous propagations, regardless of the complexity of their patterns… …such as ectopic beats, regardless of the complexity of their patterns… “Communications”, “propagations”和 “beats” 都可能表現(xiàn)出復(fù)雜的形式。我們權(quán)且認(rèn)為“their”在文中代表“abnormal asynchronous propagations”。 可以采用不同的方法消除困惑。一是如果細(xì)節(jié)不重要，可以直接省略，或是將其置于段落的最后。這樣可以將長句縮短7個單詞。 The cellular automaton (CA) cell, a natural candidate to model the electrical activity of a cell, is an ideal component to use in the simulation of intercellular communications, such as those occurring between cardiac cells, and to model abnormal asynchronous propagations, such as ectopic beats, initiated and propagated cell-to-cell. 也可以改寫為沒有代詞的句子。 The cellular automaton (CA) cell — a natural candidate to model the electrical activity of a cell — is an ideal component to use in the simulation of intercellular communications, such as those occurring between cardiac cells, and to model the cell-to-cell initiation and propagation of abnormal asynchronous events (such as ectopic beats) with or without complex patterns. |
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