標題: Titlebook: Somatic Diversification of Immune Responses; Garnett Kelsoe,Martin F. Flajnik Book 1998 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), u [打印本頁] 作者: 聲音會爆炸 時間: 2025-3-21 16:58
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書目名稱Somatic Diversification of Immune Responses讀者反饋學科排名
作者: FRONT 時間: 2025-3-21 20:34
On the Possible Role of Natural Reverse Genetics in the V Gene Loci,d is an integral part of the signalling mechanism which activates lymphocyte responses to antigen. In the case of B lymphocytes, soluble immunoglobulins are secreted which have the same antigen-binding specificity as the receptor on each individual cell and which mediate effector functions through t作者: 非實體 時間: 2025-3-22 04:21
Characteristics of Somatic Hypermutation of Human Immunoglobulin Genes,to 2 kb of DNA of rearranged heavy and light chain V gene segments with a sharp upstream boundary in the middle of the leader intron and an imprecise downstream boundary in the J-C intron that are introduced at approximately 10.-10. mutations per base pair per generation, which is the highest rate o作者: 平庸的人或物 時間: 2025-3-22 06:01 作者: Tdd526 時間: 2025-3-22 10:28 作者: Counteract 時間: 2025-3-22 15:59
Repertoire Diversification of Primary vs Memory B Cell Subsets,and responsiveness to antigenic stimulation. After immunization, the repertoire is supplemented by the generation of memory B cells, which in some, but not all cases, enables the refinement of that portion of the repertoire that initially recognized the immunogen. The existence of a mechanism that i作者: 功多汁水 時間: 2025-3-22 17:17 作者: 糾纏,纏繞 時間: 2025-3-22 21:22 作者: MENT 時間: 2025-3-23 02:06 作者: tariff 時間: 2025-3-23 09:24
M. J. Shlomchik,P. Watts,M. G. Weigert,S. Litwinolume willbe a useful guide for professionals, post-graduate students involved in alternative fuels, spark ignition engines, and environmental research..978-981-16-1226-8978-981-16-1224-4Series ISSN 2522-8366 Series E-ISSN 2522-8374 作者: regale 時間: 2025-3-23 12:03
Book 1998 what the mutator is not, it has also, like an artist‘s preliminary sketch, defined the questions and experiments we must face without diminishing the potential for new biology. In short, it is great fun to toil against a significant and enigmatic problem.作者: 修剪過的樹籬 時間: 2025-3-23 15:30
ar to their bacterial counterparts. Cloning and sequencing has, however, revealed that many methanogen genes are more closely related, in evolutionary terms, to eukaryal than bacterial genes (Brown et al., 1989; Reeve, 1992). These evolutionary relationships, and current knowledge of the genes uniqu作者: NATTY 時間: 2025-3-23 21:03 作者: POWER 時間: 2025-3-23 23:03 作者: CROW 時間: 2025-3-24 03:12 作者: Cumbersome 時間: 2025-3-24 09:52 作者: Compatriot 時間: 2025-3-24 14:23 作者: right-atrium 時間: 2025-3-24 18:13 作者: arboretum 時間: 2025-3-24 20:15
D. M. Tarlinton,A. Light,G. J. V. Nossal,K. G. C. Smithyses of combustion and emission characteristics the most relevant parameters have been included. The study also contains calculations regarding theoretical combustion (oxidation process) of the different hydrogen-carbons. A rarely investigated parameter, O. consumption or demand is also in focus, be作者: Fallibility 時間: 2025-3-25 03:02
J. Przylepa,C. Himes,G. Kelsoecribes different aspects of using methanol as a fuel for both compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) engines. The chapter focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of using methanol as a fuel, physical and chemical fuel properties of methanol and its comparison with other fuels, and eng作者: Unsaturated-Fat 時間: 2025-3-25 07:02
L. J. Wysocki,A. H. Liu,P. K. Jenational compression ignition engines, the PPC strategy allows sufficient time for fuel/air mixing before self-ignition. In PPC strategy, advanced fuel injection timing with higher RON fuel can be used to achieve effective ignition timing, consequently, improve combustion stability. The study states t作者: Tempor 時間: 2025-3-25 10:42
N. R. Klinmancribes different aspects of using methanol as a fuel for both compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) engines. The chapter focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of using methanol as a fuel, physical and chemical fuel properties of methanol and its comparison with other fuels, and eng作者: expdient 時間: 2025-3-25 11:52
T. B. Kepler,S. Bartlr regulated useful lifetime as part of methanol fueled vehicle pilot projects in China. Many studies confirmed that the methanol-fueled engines have excessive aldehyde emissions, especially during the cold start period. But the latest studies also show that using gasoline cold start assistance durin作者: 斗爭 時間: 2025-3-25 19:50 作者: Spinous-Process 時間: 2025-3-25 22:14
L. Du Pasquier,M. Wilson,A. S. Greenberg,M. F. Flajnikhe Shanghai city municipality. This pilot program included over 1,000 vehicles, ranging from passenger cars to buses and heavy-duty trucks, with a sharp focus on key concerns from various governmental bodies that would provide policy direction. In March 2019, a promotional policy for methanol-fuelle作者: Banquet 時間: 2025-3-26 01:47
ale. The reason is that it can be a substitute for petroleum fuels, but its combustion may be harmful to the environment. This chapter explains the formation of both, regulated and unregulated pollutants from methanol?fuelled engines and their adverse effects on human health. Also, it explains the f作者: 絕食 時間: 2025-3-26 04:20 作者: follicle 時間: 2025-3-26 12:12 作者: TRAWL 時間: 2025-3-26 15:35 作者: Efflorescent 時間: 2025-3-26 19:51 作者: demote 時間: 2025-3-27 00:14 作者: 一條卷發(fā) 時間: 2025-3-27 04:17 作者: chisel 時間: 2025-3-27 07:35
Somatic Hypermutation of Immunoglobulin Genes is Linked to Transcription,e selected and develop into plasma cells or memory cells. B cells with mutations that decrease the affinity of the expressed Igs or that prevent Ig expression die by apoptosis. The somatic point mutations are located within the variable region and their proximate upstream and downstream flanks, but not generally within the constant region.作者: escalate 時間: 2025-3-27 12:45 作者: 豐富 時間: 2025-3-27 16:12
The Role of Promoter-Intron Interactions in Directing Hypermutation,res in their environment. In a molecular recapitulation of this process, antibodies undergo a somatic evolution after antigen stimulation, resulting in a more protective defense of the host against the environment. Immunoglobulin genes undergo apparently random hypermutation of their rearranged vari作者: 設施 時間: 2025-3-27 18:47 作者: Osteoarthritis 時間: 2025-3-27 23:39 作者: 新星 時間: 2025-3-28 05:57
Characteristics of Somatic Hypermutation of Human Immunoglobulin Genes,ion process that preserves those B lymphocytes with mutated surface immunoglobulin (Ig) expressing an increased affinity for the immunogen (. et al. 1989; . and . 1989; . and . 1996). The surviving B cells then give rise to memory B cells and antibody secreting cells. Hypermutation is the predominan作者: inculpate 時間: 2025-3-28 09:32 作者: 可行 時間: 2025-3-28 14:18 作者: GRIPE 時間: 2025-3-28 17:05
Affinity Maturation of the Primary Response by V Gene Diversification,the course of the response (. and . 1964; . and . 1969). Indeed, the affinity of serum antibody for antigen in the late stages of the primary response is often equal to that of the secondary or memory response. The basis of high-affinity memory responses is well understood; V gene somatic hyper-muta作者: 誓言 時間: 2025-3-28 22:27 作者: ACTIN 時間: 2025-3-29 01:17
Somatic Mutagenesis and Evolution of Memory B Cells,ion of phylogeny, somatic evolution in vertebrate immunity is an accelerated version of the evolutionary algorithm that shaped complex life forms on this planet. Somatic evolution has adopted cardinal features of classical evolution, even at a high level of resolution. If “survival of the fittest” i作者: pellagra 時間: 2025-3-29 06:01 作者: 含糊其辭 時間: 2025-3-29 09:48 作者: HIKE 時間: 2025-3-29 14:09 作者: wall-stress 時間: 2025-3-29 16:08
Clone: A Monte-Carlo Computer Simulation of B Cell Clonal Expansion, Somatic Mutation, and Antigen-ate (. et al. 1984; . et al. 1985). Somatic diversity results from the sequential accumulation of such mutations (. et al. 1985; . et al. 1984; . and . 1986; . et al. 1991b). These mutations, and selection of them by Ag, have important consequences for the kinetics, quality, and size of the resultin作者: 臆斷 時間: 2025-3-29 23:22
Somatic Mutation in Ectothermic Vertebrates: Musings on Selection and Origins,trated by either a total lack of affinity maturation in some species or a much lower rise in affinity in others (reviewed in . 1993). When it was determined that all ectotherms studied possess large numbers of V(D)J genes, and that rearrangement processes to establish Ig repertoires are essentially 作者: RADE 時間: 2025-3-29 23:53
es and novelties in their molecular biology. Very little regard has been given to the fact that the ., which includes all methanogens (Balch, et al., 1979) are, nevertheless, prokaryotes. They . single-celled microorganisms with a nucleus (genome) that is a single circular DNA molecule not separated作者: 雪崩 時間: 2025-3-30 07:04
D. B. Winter,N. Sattar,P. J. Gearhartsis. In 1876, Hoppe-Seyler demonstrated that sewage sludge produced methane when amended with acetate. Later, Hoppe-Seyler (1887) showed that enrichment cultures converted the substrate to equimolar amounts of methane and carbon dioxide. Nearly 40 years later, S?ehngen (1906) described Gram-negative
