標題: Titlebook: Road Pricing, the Economy and the Environment; Chris Jensen-Butler,Birgitte Sloth,Otto Anker Niel Book 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelb [打印本頁] 作者: 建筑物的正面 時間: 2025-3-21 18:33
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作者: Outwit 時間: 2025-3-21 23:54
1430-9602 .This volume is a collection of research papers on the use of road pricing. The focus is on passenger transport, and the papers cover a wide range of approaches, including theoretical modelling and empirical studies of road pricing experience from different cities..978-3-642-09587-0978-3-540-77150-0Series ISSN 1430-9602 Series E-ISSN 2197-9375 作者: 雀斑 時間: 2025-3-22 01:21
,Road Pricing in Europe — A Review of Research and Practice,s chapter is the importance of institutional implementation issues, including political acceptability. These questions have been given too little attention both in research and in actual attempts to implement road-pricing measures.作者: Felicitous 時間: 2025-3-22 07:37
Road Pricing: Consequences for Traffic, Congestion and Location,antial reduction in vehicle distance travelled. For the zone-based system, traffic volumes in the inner city of Stockholm are predicted to decrease by 30% for charged hours at a charge level equivalent to 3 SEK/km. For the distance-based system, traffic volumes in the inner city are predicted to be 作者: 松緊帶 時間: 2025-3-22 12:17
Implementation Paths for Marginal Cost-Based Pricing in Urban Transport: Theoretical Considerations are presented, which seek an optimal compromise between the theoretically ideal approach and a pragmatic approach (of ‘fully arbitrary’ IPs). We believe the results are indicative of what one might expect to encounter along a realistic IP, but at the same time acknowledge that the IPs presented are作者: paroxysm 時間: 2025-3-22 14:27 作者: flex336 時間: 2025-3-22 19:29 作者: 多節(jié) 時間: 2025-3-23 01:07
Assessing the Impacts of Traffic Air Pollution on Human Exposure and Health,y-developed models have been applied, including the regional scale model DEHM, the Urban background model UBM and the street pollution model OSPM. These models are briefly described here. However, one of the major difficulties in exposure modelling is to obtain proper input data for the calculations作者: Instinctive 時間: 2025-3-23 02:53 作者: Anticonvulsants 時間: 2025-3-23 05:36
,Car Users’ Trade-Offs Between Time, Trip Length, Cost and Road Pricing in Behavioural Models,with road pricing. It is shown that the design of the experiment seriously affects the result especially with respect to VoT. It is then shown how the income variable and distributed coefficients (taste variation) can improve the model fit and its behavioural accuracy. The model structure obtained c作者: Apraxia 時間: 2025-3-23 12:04 作者: Guileless 時間: 2025-3-23 15:37
Morten Marott Larsen,Ninette Pilegaard,Jos van Ommeren作者: Feedback 時間: 2025-3-23 19:31 作者: PANT 時間: 2025-3-24 01:04 作者: LUCY 時間: 2025-3-24 05:14
Peter Loukopoulos,Tommy G?rling,Cecilia Jakobsson,Satoshi Fujii作者: 品嘗你的人 時間: 2025-3-24 07:32
978-3-642-09587-0Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008作者: Indebted 時間: 2025-3-24 13:52
Road Pricing, the Economy and the Environment978-3-540-77150-0Series ISSN 1430-9602 Series E-ISSN 2197-9375 作者: catagen 時間: 2025-3-24 17:36
Advances in Spatial Sciencehttp://image.papertrans.cn/r/image/830909.jpg作者: wreathe 時間: 2025-3-24 20:01 作者: 柳樹；枯黃 時間: 2025-3-25 01:59 作者: 注意到 時間: 2025-3-25 06:44
Chris Jensen-Butler,Birgitte Sloth,Otto Anker NielIncludes supplementary material: 作者: white-matter 時間: 2025-3-25 09:39
1430-9602 el times and costs. Traffic growth also increases CO2 emissions, air pollution, accidents, and noise. So, clearly there is a need to manage traffic, taking into account that there is a need for transportation; hence it cannot be restricted without costs. ..Road pricing, where motorists pay for drivi作者: extrovert 時間: 2025-3-25 13:23 作者: 暗語 時間: 2025-3-25 18:41 作者: 敲詐 時間: 2025-3-25 23:05
Efficiency and Equity Considerations in Road Pricing,ly, efficiency and distributional issues both need to be considered simultaneously. To design the road pricing scheme in this case, it is suggested to solve the constrained optimisation problem of maximising welfare in the transport system as computed from a transport model, subject to relevant equity indicators reaching their target levels.作者: Addictive 時間: 2025-3-26 00:37 作者: 增強 時間: 2025-3-26 04:28
The Impacts of e-Work and e-Commerce on Transport, the Environment and the Economy,t evidence-based results have been obtained and where conclusions can be drawn to influence transport policy and analysis. This chapter also highlights where further research needs to be undertaken, and suggests an alternative approach to the “substitution versus generation” debate.作者: 包租車船 時間: 2025-3-26 11:03
,Road Pricing in Europe — A Review of Research and Practice, implemented, it has not been implemented on a broad scale. It is still widely considered to be a radical and controversial policy. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of experiences with road pricing in Europe and elsewhere. We consider pricing issues in urban road and interurban road tran作者: 下級 時間: 2025-3-26 16:11
Road Pricing: Consequences for Traffic, Congestion and Location, would be an appropriate and effective instrument in an overall policy to relieve congestion. Politicians and the public at large have usually been quite sceptical, however. In this paper, three ex ante studies of transport and location effects of alternative road pricing systems are presented and c作者: 考古學 時間: 2025-3-26 19:11
Implementation Paths for Marginal Cost-Based Pricing in Urban Transport: Theoretical Considerationshe practice of policy-making more gradual implementation paths (IPs) appear to be favoured. Arguably the most important reason why this should be the case is the existence of barriers and constraints. Surprisingly, however, little or no attention to the design and performance of policy IPs has been 作者: 冷淡周邊 時間: 2025-3-26 21:39
The London Congestion Charging Scheme: The Evidence,s relatively simple technology, was implemented over two and a half years, faced political opposition and required the efforts of a determined political champion who refused to be put off. The ￡5 charge has reduced car movements by about 30%, and increased bus use and traffic speeds. The unexpectedl作者: 使隔離 時間: 2025-3-27 03:57 作者: botany 時間: 2025-3-27 07:41 作者: Anonymous 時間: 2025-3-27 10:51
Transport Costs in a Multiregional Equilibrium Job Search Model,t cost changes. The key assumption is that unemployed job seekers and firms with vacancies have to search for each other. The regional unemployment and vacancy equilibrium rates, as well as the wage levels, are endogenously determined. According to the model, decreases in interregional transport cos作者: 暫時別動 時間: 2025-3-27 16:03 作者: 簡略 時間: 2025-3-27 19:54 作者: GULF 時間: 2025-3-28 01:47 作者: BLINK 時間: 2025-3-28 03:02 作者: 短程旅游 時間: 2025-3-28 06:20
External Effects and Road Charging,ncerned with how to measure, valuate and internalise the various external effects in order to establish a more efficient transport system. A flexible and increasingly popular instrument for internalisation is road charging, in order to internalise negative external effects and force a behavioural re作者: 在駕駛 時間: 2025-3-28 10:42 作者: 參考書目 時間: 2025-3-28 17:28 作者: 橢圓 時間: 2025-3-28 21:28
,Road Pricing in Denmark — User Attitudes and User Reactions,grammes on this topic have been carried out. The pre-study FORTRIN (a feasibility study) has been followed by a real life test, namely the AKTA Road Pricing Experiment in Copenhagen. Here, the city was equipped with virtual cordon rings and pricing zones and 500 test drivers had a GPS-based device i作者: GNAW 時間: 2025-3-28 23:26
A Cost-Minimisation Principle of Adaptation of Private Car Use in Response to Road Pricing Schemes,. It is argued that economic disincentives may activate car-use reduction or change goals in individuals and households. However, for car-use reduction or change goals to occur, other travel demand management measures are needed that make alternative travel options attractive. A review and classific作者: 努力趕上 時間: 2025-3-29 04:14 作者: 陰謀 時間: 2025-3-29 08:47
The Impacts of e-Work and e-Commerce on Transport, the Environment and the Economy, work with the UK Department for Transport, it explores the various impacts of e-work (telework) and e-commerce on transport, the environment and land use. In an area where there is much speculation, the approach taken is to distinguish between empirical data and conjecture, showing where significan作者: PSA-velocity 時間: 2025-3-29 14:18
,Road Pricing in Denmark — User Attitudes and User Reactions,ricing Experiment in Copenhagen. Here, the city was equipped with virtual cordon rings and pricing zones and 500 test drivers had a GPS-based device installed in their cars testing different road-pricing schemes. This paper describes the technology as well as attitudes and reactions of road users in both studies.作者: Lethargic 時間: 2025-3-29 17:09
A Cost-Minimisation Principle of Adaptation of Private Car Use in Response to Road Pricing Schemes,n or change goals to occur, other travel demand management measures are needed that make alternative travel options attractive. A review and classification of these other measures is provided followed by an assessment of their potential effectiveness.作者: 破布 時間: 2025-3-29 19:45
The London Congestion Charging Scheme: The Evidence, of about ?0.8 is greater than many other previous elasticity estimates. It is suggested that extending the Scheme to a larger area or applying a similar scheme to certain other cities may not be quite so successful.作者: 異教徒 時間: 2025-3-30 00:35
A Systems Approach to Modelling the Regional Economic Effects of Road Pricing,ricing are calculated. In the second step, changes in regional competitiveness affecting demand are calculated. In the final step, revenue from road pricing is re-entered in order to ensure institutional balance and the effects on production, income and employment are calculated.作者: Dendritic-Cells 時間: 2025-3-30 04:26
The , Road Pricing Experiment in Copenhagen, have been expected to reduce changes, but the rather high amount of money involved (budget constraints) seems to be more important. Changes were analysed concerning the time of day, number of trips, average length of trips, costs of trips, etc. It appeared that km-based charging systems were more efficient than multi cordon-based.作者: –LOUS 時間: 2025-3-30 08:28
Evaluation of the Introduction of Road Pricing Using a Computable General Equilibrium Model,del simulations show that the introduction of road pricing may increase environmental damage, may make it desirable to reduce transport infrastructure and potentially may be associated with a significant ..作者: Terrace 時間: 2025-3-30 15:53 作者: deficiency 時間: 2025-3-30 18:22 作者: Increment 時間: 2025-3-30 22:39
Mental Retardationfested before the age of 18 (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The diagnosis is usually based on the results of an individually administered test of cognitive abilities (IQ test) and an assessment of adaptive behavior. Within the condition of mental retardation, four levels of severity have b作者: 尾隨 時間: 2025-3-31 02:52
Remote Sensing Through Satellites and Sensor Networks,e use of networked sensors (fixed or mobile). Some history of the development of these systems over the years is first presented. Next, several applications are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of processing of data collected from satellite platforms or sensor networks are highlighted.作者: minion 時間: 2025-3-31 05:53 作者: 徹底檢查 時間: 2025-3-31 10:01
Argumentative Properties of Pragmatic Inferencesse. We provide a solution in an argumentative framework and then extend our observations to cases including an overt restriction rather than implicatures. We conclude by looking at various explanations for the source of the preference we observe.作者: evince 時間: 2025-3-31 15:08
Institutionelle Dualisierung und Geschlechtradigma der aktivierenden Arbeitsmarktpolitik mit dem Konzept der Flexicurity kombiniert. Letzteres zielte darauf, die Interessen der Arbeitgeber an einem flexiblen Einsatz der Arbeitskr?fte mit den Interessen der Arbeitnehmer nach sozialer Sicherheit zu verbinden.作者: aesthetic 時間: 2025-3-31 20:27 作者: Immunoglobulin 時間: 2025-3-31 23:05
Falko Schmidmpact (.) value of each tentative Victim item is calculated and item with minimum . is selected as Victim item resulting in low Misses Cost. Experimental results on benchmark datasets show that proposed algorithm achieves better data quality with less execution time as compared to existing heuristic作者: 他一致 時間: 2025-4-1 03:45 作者: Irrigate 時間: 2025-4-1 09:21
with immunomodulation properties...This book is meant for students, academics, researchers, and industry professionals interested in pharmacology, immunology, and plant secondary metabolites..978-981-16-8119-6978-981-16-8117-2作者: Intersect 時間: 2025-4-1 12:00
Keyboard Arrangements and Original Compositions,s the bass goes lower than Spanish basses were ever required to sing. The distance from bass to tenor is a tenth which must be taken in the left hand alone but which is easily possible because of the short octave. He also prescribes over a dozen unvocal melodic intervals. No less than eight are mand作者: 不容置疑 時間: 2025-4-1 14:56
W?hlers Entdeckung - Eine andere Einführung in die Biochemie978-3-662-58859-8作者: 顧客 時間: 2025-4-1 21:41
Wirtschaftswissenschaftenhttp://image.papertrans.cn/n/image/663523.jpg
