標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Relationships of Natural Enemies and Non-prey Foods; Jonathan G. Lundgren Book 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Biological C [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: 手套 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 17:29
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作者: 錯(cuò)事 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:56 作者: OTTER 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 04:04 作者: 是限制 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 07:34
1573-5915 granivorous carabids and pollinivorous natural enemies.DiscFeeding on Non-Prey Resources by Natural Enemies Moshe Coll Reports on the consumption of non-prey food sources, particularly plant materials, by predators and parasitoids are common throughout the literature (reviewed recently by Naranjo a作者: 有法律效應(yīng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:54
Extrafloral Nectarive benefits of EFNs stem from their attractiveness to beneficial arthropods, ants being the best studied. In some plant species, the flow and composition of EFN changes in response to herbivory in similar ways to other induced plant defenses, underscoring the importance of natural enemies to EFN-bearing plants.作者: mercenary 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 14:43 作者: 頑固 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:08 作者: Bucket 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 00:10 作者: nutrition 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 02:48 作者: Cloudburst 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 06:25 作者: inspiration 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 12:37 作者: Clumsy 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 14:11
Book 2009ators and parasitoids are common throughout the literature (reviewed recently by Naranjo and Gibson 1996, Coll 1998a, Coll and Guershon, 2002). Predators belonging to a variety of orders and families are known to feed on pollen and nectar, and adult parasitoids acquire nutrients from honeydew and fl作者: Lumbar-Spine 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 18:50
The Functions of Non-Prey Foods in the Diets of Entomophagous Species and anatomy of most organisms. Biologists reinforce this premise, since the ecological placement of an organism is often trophic in nature. Herbivores eat plants and thereby influence vegetational communities; detritivores consume dead material, thereby facilitating nutrient cycling; entomophagous 作者: Vsd168 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 23:22 作者: 不透明性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 02:45
Floral Nectarects, offer a favorable microclimate or shelter, attract them with the visual (either color or movement) and chemical (odor) aspects of the flower, or offer floral rewards. Obviously, nectar falls into the latter category. Although some flower species can produce thousands of microliters of nectar p作者: HALO 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 09:07 作者: SUGAR 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 13:36 作者: Acetabulum 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:48
The Pollen Feederssity of entomophagous arthropods, it is necessary to curtail the list of species treated in this chapter. To this end, the focus of this chapter is primarily on taxa for which the ecological function of the group is fairly well understood or where importance to biological control is demonstrated. Wh作者: multiply 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 21:58
Adaptations to Pollen feedinge from prey, and consequently predators and parasitoids that are suited to consuming insects may not necessarily possess the means to efficiently consume and digest pollen. If pollen feeding is important to the fitness of predators and parasitoids, one should expect physiological and morphological a作者: 擦掉 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 02:58
Pollen Nutrition and Defensestructures. They consist of a largely indigestible exine and intine, and most nutrients are found within the protoplast (Faegri and van der Pijl, 1966). A deeper examination reveals that these tiny grains have a complex nutritional profile and ecology. Pollens possess high protein and oil contents r作者: 玩忽職守 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 06:15
The Seed Feedersnto contact with the seeds, and the seeds are consumed or cached in burrows or nests. Geographically, ground beetles and crickets are probably most important as post-dispersal granivores in temperate ecosystems (Honek et al., 2003; Lundgren et al., 2006; O’Rourke et al., 2006), and ants dominate the作者: heartburn 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 10:45 作者: Override 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:19 作者: 箴言 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:35
Seed-Associated Food Bodiess. In dispersed seeds, this is believed to be a true mutualism, termed myrmecochory (myrmex = ant, kore = dispersed; in Greek) (Handel and Beattie, 1990). The seed provides a nutritious tidbit of food in exchange for being moved to a more suitable germination site, often in or near an ant nest. Myrm作者: intoxicate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 23:06 作者: 分離 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 04:04
Mycophagythat when scientists actually search for fungal material during gut analyses of natural enemies, they typically find it to some degree. The evolutionary development of mycophagy in entomophagous species is best described for beetles, notably the Coccinellidae and the Staphylinidae. But each group of作者: 嫌惡 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 04:19 作者: scrutiny 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 08:43
ta set, the methods most suitable for its analysis. Mathematical statisticians have devoted a great deal of effort to studying the appropriateness of models for978-3-7908-0047-0978-3-642-57410-8Series ISSN 1431-1968 Series E-ISSN 2628-8966 作者: Nmda-Receptor 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 15:17 作者: 紀(jì)念 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 19:57
1961], Baierlein [Atoms and Information Theory, Freeman, 1971], and Hobson [Concepts in Statistical Mechanics, Gordon and Breach, 1971].978-94-010-8219-8978-94-009-3867-0Series ISSN 0168-1222 Series E-ISSN 2365-6425 作者: FRAX-tool 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 21:40 作者: troponins 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 03:21
each of which concludes with exercises and notes. A chapter called “Complements” is included at the end of the text as supplementary materialto assist students with independent work.?.978-3-319-82656-1978-3-319-42758-4Series ISSN 1389-2177 Series E-ISSN 2197-795X 作者: overwrought 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 08:18 作者: 溫順 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:08
each of which concludes with exercises and notes. A chapter called “Complements” is included at the end of the text as supplementary materialto assist students with independent work.?.978-3-319-82656-1978-3-319-42758-4Series ISSN 1389-2177 Series E-ISSN 2197-795X 作者: 鉤針織物 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 14:03
each of which concludes with exercises and notes. A chapter called “Complements” is included at the end of the text as supplementary materialto assist students with independent work.?.978-3-319-82656-1978-3-319-42758-4Series ISSN 1389-2177 Series E-ISSN 2197-795X 作者: ALIBI 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 18:04 作者: FECT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 00:03 作者: SAGE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 03:32
he manner of exposition is more in the tradition of theoretical physics than of in mathematics: Elaborate fonnal proofs and rigorous estimates are often replace978-3-642-78558-0978-3-642-78556-6Series ISSN 0172-7389 Series E-ISSN 2198-333X 作者: 尾巴 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:31 作者: Priapism 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:39 作者: 可觸知 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:06 作者: 無(wú)情 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 21:32 作者: dissent 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 23:24 作者: 黃瓜 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 04:12 作者: 正論 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 07:16
les, ranging from chemical physics to economics, serve only as illustrations of the typical context in which a particular model can apply. The manner of exposition is more in the tradition of theoretical physics than of in mathematics: Elaborate fonnal proofs and rigorous estimates are often replace作者: oxidant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 13:40 作者: anagen 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 17:04 作者: avarice 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 20:10
The Functions of Non-Prey Foods in the Diets of Entomophagous Speciesal understanding of how organisms interact. Indeed, the intricate nutritional ecology of an organism has striking implications for where it ultimately fits in a food web, and ignoring key dietary components of an organism will quickly disrupt the predictability of where, when and how this organism f作者: ESPY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 03:22
The Sugar Feedersar-feeding to this understudied guild of predators may be much greater than is currently appreciated. Although many entomophagous arthropods accept sugar sources as food, these foods are typically insufficient as a sole source of nutrition for all life processes. In short, nectar is great for suppor作者: 鼓掌 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 06:51 作者: 使迷醉 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 08:59 作者: 察覺(jué) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 13:47
Seed Preferences of Natural Enemies entomophages. Although sensory cues used in the decision-making process for granivory remain poorly understood, granivorous entomophages have been shown to respond to visual, tactile, and chemical cues derived from the seed. Seed acceptability and suitability for granivores form the basis for under作者: JOG 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 18:53 作者: Pcos971 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 00:28 作者: 吵鬧 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 02:19
rvations occur frequently in applications due, for example, to non-response to questions on a survey or attrition from a panel. Missing observations usually cause population parameters of interest in applications to be unidentified except under untestable and often controversial assumptions. However作者: GRAZE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 08:54
rvations occur frequently in applications due, for example, to non-response to questions on a survey or attrition from a panel. Missing observations usually cause population parameters of interest in applications to be unidentified except under untestable and often controversial assumptions. However
